【Objective】 To explore the emotional and behavioral problems among children aged 3 to 6 years old of Hunan province. 【Methods】 A self-designed questionnaire of children's condition and Children Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire(the edition for parents,SDQ)were used to investigate 1 280 children aged 3 to 6 years old in countryside. 【Results】 The prevalence of difficulty problems in children aged 3 to 6 years old was 11.6%.The abnormal prevalence of emotion or behavior was 33.9%.The abnormal factors prevalence of SDQ with emotion symptom was 2.3%,conduct problems was 7.1%,attention deficit and hyperactivity was 11.5%,intercourse problems among associate was 3.9% and social behavior was 18.6%.The abnormal factors prevalence of SDQ in male children with attention deficit and hyperactivity was 13.4%,intercourse problems among associate was 4.9% and social behavior was 20.9%,were higher than female was 8.8%,2.4% and 15.4%,and there were significantly different(χ²=5.188~6.288,P<0.05).The abnormal factors prevalence of SDQ with the total scores of difficult,conduct problems,attention deficit and hyperactivity and social problems were different in children among different ages,were significantly different(χ²=8.235~19.206,P<0.001~0.05).The influencing factors of the emotion and behavior problems with children including sex and conditions of living,left family working with father and the degree of education with mother. 【Conclusion】 The prevalence of emotion and behavior problems was high among children aged 3 to 6 years,we should pay more attention to interview the emotion and behavior problems with children.