Objective To understand the quality of life of preschool children in Lu′an City,Anhui Province and to analyze its influencing factors,so as to effectively guide children′s health care work. Methods A total of 2 512 children aged 3 to 6 years were enrolled in this study,and Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory (PedsQOL) 4.0 was filled out by their parents from May to July in 2016. Results 1) Univariate analysis showed the overall score of PedsQOL 4.0 and the scores of four dimensions in 5 to 6-year-old children,including physical functioning,emotional functioning,social functioning and school functioning,were significantly higher than those in 3-year-old children and 4-year-old children (P＜0.05).2) The score of PedsQOL 4.0 in healthy children was significantly higher than that in children with chronic disease,injured within two weeks (P＜0.01).3) The score of PedsQOL 4.0 in children with mother company was significantly higher than that in children without mother company(P＜0.01).4) The score of PedsQOL 4.0 in children with their own house was significantly higher than that in children dwelling in a renting house (P＜0.01).5) Multiple linear regression analysis showed that there were four significant factors influencing the four dimensions of quality of life,including whether sick/injured or not over the last two weeks,chronic disease,age and whether living with their mother or not(P＜0.05 or < 0.01). Conclusions Children′s physical condition and mother company are key factors affecting children′s quality of life.Therefore,it is of great significance to strengthen children′s health care and promote the education on parent-child relationship.