Objective To explore the intellectual development and its influential factors of 1~2 years old children in Wuhan and to provide theoretical evidences for promoting their levels of intellectual development. Methods The intelligence of all 1~2 years old children were tested who did the health check-up in Wuhan Maternal and Child Health Care Center from July 2011 to July 2012 according to the children aged 0~6 years old neuropsychological development diagnosis scale.And the questionnaire survey was used to find out the related factors. Results There were 546 boys and 376 girls among the 922 children.The number of the 12~13 months old group was the biggest (288,31.24%).And most of them lived in Jiang'an district (390,42.30%).The average developmental quotient of the children was 85.42±9.46,and most of the evaluation of the developmental quotient were at the normal(50.00%)and low (41.00%) level.The fine motor zone was mostly at a low level among the five functional zones (50.54%).The male gender of children,the low educational level of mothers and having apnea at birth were the correlated risk factors of the qualified developmental quotient. Conclusions The levels of intellectual development of 1~2 years old children in Euhan city are well-developed in the aspect of large motor and cognitive,and needs to be strengthened in the aspect of fine motor,language and social behavior.It will comprehensively improve the level of intellectual development of children through promoting the eugenics,enhancing the intervention of asphyxia children after born.