【Objective】 To investigate the birth weights of live births in surveyed population, and to analyze the risk factors on the occurrence of low birth weight and macrosomia so as to provide effective interventional strategy. 【Method】 A cross sectional survey of 2 977 women was conducted on their babies' birth weights and the parents' risk factors exposed before and during the pregnancy. 【Results】 The average birth weight was 3 383.6 g. The incidence of low birth weight was 1.9%, and the incidence of the macrosomia was 7.4%. By the chi-square test, the mother with the history of preterm delivery, the preterm baby and the mother with the symptoms of threatened abortion were the risk factors of low birth weight. The mother suffered the anemia before the pregnancy or the diabetes during the pregnancy and the women with unhappy emotion during the pregnancy were the risk factors of macrosomia(P<0.05). Logistic regression analysis showed that the preterm infants(OR=37.457)was associated with low birth weight. Odds ratio for the mother with happy emotion was 0.737 for macrosomia. Odds ratios for the mothers suffered diabetes during pregnancy and the fathers smoking before pregnancy were 2.940 and 1.407 for macrosomia. 【Conclusions】 The incidence of low birth weight is low, and the incidence of macrosomia is similar with the national level. They are affected by multi-factors and the preventions should be done in all aspects.