Abstract: Objective To examine the association between different types of after-school physical activities and sleep problems in preschool children, providing theoretical support for sleep interventions based on exercise modalities. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted.From April to June 2024, a total of 2 683 children from four public kindergartens in Minhang district were enrolled to participate in the survey.Parents were invited to complete the basic sociodemographic information, after-school physical exercise information and the Children′s Sleep Habits Questionnaire (CSHQ).A total CSHQ score>41 indicated positive for overall sleep problems.Based on the event-group training theory, after-school physical activities were categorized and statistically analyzed. Results Of 2 683 distributed electronic questionnaires, 2 491(92.84%) were completed and 2 460(98.75%)were valid.The mean age was (4.97±0.91) years with a male-to-female ratio of 1.05∶1.The prevalence of overall sleep problems was 82.07%.One-way ANOVA revealed statistically significant differences in bedtime resistance (F=7.98) and sleep anxiety scores (F=5.99) across activity types (P<0.01).After adjusting for age, gender, singleton status, primary caregiver, and parental education/occupation, mixed-effects linear regression showed that participation in multiple types of after-school physical activities was negatively associated with bedtime resistance (β=-0.347, Z=-2.63, 95%CI: -0.605 to -0.088, P=0.008) and sleep anxiety scores (β=-0.241, Z=-2.00, 95%CI: -0.478 to -0.004, P=0.045). Conclusions The variety of after-school physical activities is associated with sleep outcomes in preschool children.Engagement in diverse physical activities serves as a protective factor against bedtime resistance and sleep anxiety.These findings highlight the importance of cultivating varied physical activity habits in preschool children to promote healthy sleep patterns.

Key words: types of exercise, the event-group training theory, after-school physical activity, preschool children, sleep problems

摘要： 目的 了解学龄前儿童不同类型课外体育运动与睡眠问题的相关性,为基于运动方式的睡眠干预提供理论依据。 方法 采用横断面调查研究,于2024年4—6月选取上海市闵行区4所公立幼儿园2 683名在读幼儿为研究对象,由家长填写基本课外体育运动信息并完成儿童睡眠习惯问卷(CSHQ)进行数据采集,以CSHQ总分大于41分为总睡眠问题阳性。参照项群训练理论,对学龄前儿童的课外体育运动进行类型归纳与统计分析。 结果 本次共发放电子问卷2 683份,回收2 491份(回收率92.84%),有效问卷2 460份(有效率98.75%)。学龄前儿童平均年龄(4.97±0.91)岁,男女性别比例为1.05∶1,总睡眠问题的发生率为82.07%。单因素方差分析提示不同类型体育运动的儿童就寝抵抗评分(F=7.98)及睡眠焦虑评分(F=5.99)差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。混合线性随机回归分析,校正了年龄、性别、是否独生子女、主要照养者、父母学历及父母职业后,发现多类型的课外体育运动与就寝抵抗评分(β=-0.347, 95%CI: -0.605~-0.088, Z=-2.63, P=0.008)、睡眠焦虑评分(β=-0.241, 95%CI: -0.478~-0.004, Z=-2.00, P=0.045)呈负相关。 结论 学龄前儿童课外体育运动类型与睡眠问题相关,且多类型课外体育运动可改善就寝抵抗及缓解睡眠焦虑,应重视对学龄前儿童课外体育运动习惯的培养,注重丰富课外体育运动类型,以促进儿童睡眠健康。

关键词: 运动类型, 项群训练理论, 课外体育运动, 学龄前儿童, 睡眠问题