Abstract: Objective To explore the relationships among parental positive parenting styles, social support, stressful life events, and depression, in order to provide theoretical evidence for preventing and improving depression among adolescents in high-altitude areas. Methods From January to March 2024, 1 597 high school students in Xining and Yushu cities of Qinghai Province were surveyed using theEgma Minnen av Bardndosna uppforstran (EMBU), Social Support Rating Scale (SSRS), Adolescent Self-Rating Life Events Check List (ASLEC), and Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D). Results Positive parenting style was significantly negatively correlated with depression (father:β=-0.10, P<0.001; mother:β=-0.07, P<0.01). Social support partially mediated the relationship between parental positive parenting styles and depression (father:β=-0.16, 95%CI : -0.19 - -0.13; mother:β=-0.03, 95%CI: -0.06- -0.01). As the level of stressful life events increased, the impact of parental positive parenting styles on depression disappeared (father:from β=-0.10 to β=0.02; mother:from β=-0.08 to β=0.00).The impact of social support on depression weakened with high stressful life events (father:from β=-0.23 to β=-0.12; mother:from β=-0.26 to β=-0.12). Conclusions Parental positive parenting styles can not only directly predict depression among adolescents in high-altitude areas but also indirectly predict it through the mediation of social support, and this relationship is moderated by stressful life events. The occurrence of depression among adolescents in high-altitude areas can be effectively reduced by enhancing parental positive parenting styles, increasing social support, and promptly addressing stressful life events.

Key words: parental positive parenting styles, social support, stressful life events, depression, high-altitude areas

摘要： 目的 探究父母积极教养方式、社会支持、压力性生活事件和抑郁情绪的关系,为预防并改善高海拔地区青少年抑郁状况提供理论依据。方法 于2024年1—3月,采用父母教养方式评价量表(EMBU)、社会支持评定量表(SSRS)、青少年生活事件量表(ASLEC)、流调中心用抑郁量表(CES-D)对青海省西宁市和玉树市的1 597名高中生进行调查。结果 父母积极教养方式显著负向预测抑郁情绪(父:β=-0.10, P<0.001; 母:β=-0.07, P<0.01)。社会支持在父母积极教养方式和抑郁情绪之间起部分中介作用(父:β=-0.16, 95%CI :-0.19~-0.13; 母:β=-0.03, 95%CI:-0.06~-0.01)。随着压力性生活事件水平的提升,父母积极教养方式对抑郁情绪的影响消失(父:从β=-0.10到β＝0.02; 母:从β=-0.08 到β=0.00);社会支持对抑郁情绪的影响减弱(父:从β=-0.23 到β=-0.12,母: 从β=-0.26到β=-0.12)。结论 父母积极教养方式不仅可以直接预测高海拔地区青少年抑郁情绪,也可以通过社会支持的中介作用间接预测高海拔地区青少年抑郁情绪,且受到压力性生活事件的调节。应通过提升父母积极教养水平、提升社会支持水平、及时处理压力性生活事件的方式,有效降低高海拔地区青少年抑郁情绪的发生。

关键词: 父母积极教养方式, 社会支持, 压力性生活事件, 抑郁情绪, 高海拔地区