Objective To study on different characteristics about Han and Uyghur children of the developmental dyslexia, and to provide different racial children developmental dyslexia genetic studies basis. Methods Hierarchy detection strategy was adopted, according to ICD-10 diagnostic criteria.A Logistic regression model was used to investigate the relationship between reading factors and analyze the different races different characteristics of the reading. Results 1)The prevalence rate of Han children developmental dyslexia was 4.69%, the prevalence rate of Uyghur children developmental dyslexia was 7.93%.The prevalence rate was significant diffrence between the two races(χ²=9.448, P<0.05).2)The scores of 8 items of DCUC (Dyslexia Checklist for Uyghur Children) of developmental dyslexics were mostly significantly higher than those of normal Uyghur children.The Logistic regression analysis showed:oral disorders (OR=2.432)and visual disturbances(OR=6.056) were mostly influence factors.3)Compared the subscore of Dyslexia Checklist of two ethnic children with dyslexia suggested that the oral expression score, the written expression score, the attention score and the visual perception score had significant differences, the scores of Uyghur children were mostly significantly higher than those of Han children. Conclusions The prevalence rate of dyslexia between the two races are significantly different.There are deficits in every side of reading in Uyghur children with developmental dyslexics, and the main problems are oral expression disorder and the visual perception disorder.The reading feature of developmental dyslexia has significant diffrence between the two races, Han children have lower subscores than Uyghur children.