Objectives To analyze the clinical characteristics of catch-up growth in small-for-gestational age(SGA) infants, so as to provide scientific basis for evaluating the growth and development and to promote the healthy growth of SGA infants. Methods SGA infants who initially visited a paediatrician in the Department of the Children's Health Care of Nanjing Children's Hospital between June 2019 to December 2020, whose birth weight met the criteria and/or birth lengths was under the 10th percentile(<P10) were enrolled in this study to took routine physical examinations, and were followed up regularly. Then SGA infants were divided into catch-up growth(CUG) and non catch-up growth(NCUG) groups according to whether Z-scores of weight and/or length increase was greater than 0.67. The neuropsychological development scores was tested by development screen test(DST). Results A total of 169 SGA infants were included in this study, including 69 boys and 100 girls. There were 72 cases(42.6%) in CUG group and 97 cases(57.4%) in NCUG group.Z-score of length in CUG group was significantly higher than that in NCUG group since 6 months old(t=5.523, P＜0.001).Z-score of weight(t=2.206, P＜0.05) and body mass index(BMI) Z-score(t=2.958,P＜0.05) in CUG group was significantly higher than that of NCUG group since 3 months old. Z-score of head circumference for age in CUG group was significantly higher than that of NCUG group from 1 month old(t=5.092, P＜0.001). The growth rate of CUG group reached the peak before 6 months of age, and reached the catch-up growth standard(△Z>0.67). DST scores in the CUG group were higher than those in the NCUG group(DQ t=3.966, P＜0.001; MI t=3.151, P＜0.05). At the age of 3 and 6 months after birth, Z-scores of length(t=2.707, 2.386), the Z-scores of weight(t=2.235, 2.931)and the Z-scores of BMI(t=3.263, 3.824) of infants fed with fortified nutrition formula in the CUG group were significantly higher than those of exclusive breastfeeding(P＜0.05), but there was no significant difference in Z-scores of head circumference(P>0.05). Conclusions The postnatal physical growth rate, neurodevelopment level in SGA infant with catch-up growth are significantly higher than those without catch-up growth. The peak of catch-up growth occurrs at 6 months after birth. In children with catch-up growth, nutritional supplementation formula feeding can promote body length and weight, thus reaching catch-up growth faster and increasing BMI.
Key words
small for gestational age /
catch-up growth /
clinical characteristics
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