Abstract: Objective To find the relationship between preschoolers' temperament and asthma occurrence. Methods The cohort study was conducted for the 8 824 children from 3~5 years old who took part in the kindergarten entrance exam and followed up to 1 year.China Preschool-children Temperament Scale (CPTS) was used to evaluate baseline investigation and temperament type.Special cases management was used if diagnosed as asthma during the follow-up. Results A total of 8 824 children were selected,of which 4 738 were male,4 086 were female and their ratio was 1.16∶1,3~4 years old children accounted 94.38%; easy-educated type temperament children accounted 35.19%,and intermedial easy-educated type accounted 28.32%,difficulty-educated type temperament accounted 7.74%.The asthma incidence rate of difficulty-educated type temperament and intermedial difficulty-educated type temperament children were 7.17% and 5.53%,whereas slow-moving priming type temperament children were 1.12%.There was strong correlation between genetic factor and asthma.Difficulty-educated type temperament and slow-moving priming type temperament were strongly correlated to asthma occurrence(RR=1.53 and 0.26). Conclusion To avoid asthma occurrence,it is necessary to bring into full play the positive effect of temperament and limit the negativity effect of temperament and impulsive behavior.

Key words: preschoolers&apos, temperament, asthma occurrence, cohort study

摘要： 目的 了解学龄前儿童气质类型与哮喘发生之间的关系。方法 采用队列研究的方法,选取2010年1月1日-2010年12月31日在本院入园体检、随访满1年的8 824例3~6岁儿童为研究对象,采用自制的学龄前儿童气质调查表进行基线调查和气质类型评估,如随访过程中诊断为哮喘则纳入专案管理。结果 8 824例儿童中,男童4 738例,女童4 086例,男女比例为1.16∶1,3~4岁儿童居多(94.38%)。E型气质(35.19%)和I-E型气质(28.32%)占多数,D型气质最少(7.74%)。D型和I-D型气质的儿童哮喘发病率较高(7.17%,5.53%),S型气质的儿童哮喘发病率最低(1.12%)。遗传因素对学龄前儿童发病起重要作用,D型和S型气质与哮喘的发病存在较强的因果相关性(RR=1.53和0.26)。结论 充分发挥气质的积极情绪反应,尽量避免消极情绪反应和冲动行为,才能最大限度地避免哮喘的发病。

关键词: 学龄前儿童气质, 哮喘发生, 队列研究