【Objective】 To know about the developmental level and risk factors of the self-concept of Hui nationality school-age children. 【Method】 The Piers-Harris Children's Self-concept Scale(PHCSS) and Self-designed Questionnaire were used to investigate 495 Hui nationality school-age children. 【Results】 The whole lever of self-concept of the Hui nationality school-age children was significantly lower than the level of Chinese norms(P<0.01).Girls got higher scores than boys about behavior,anxiety,gregariousness as well as total score(P<0.01).And the score was becoming lower with the grade growing.Parents' education,occupation,family income,family type had effects on self-concept.And so did the school environment factors,such as study score,teacher-student relationship,classmate relationship.The level of pupil's self-concept was markedly higher than the level of the middle school students. 【Conclusions】 School age is the critical period of the development of self-concept.To create a better environment of family and school is an effective protection to improve the children mental health.