【Objective】 To understand the status of refractive errors in pre-school children so as to provide scientific basis for making reasonable intervention strategy. 【Methods】 A total of 2 032 children aged 6 month~6 years old from daily outpatient clinics and nursery schools in Maanshan city were chosen by cluster sampling.Then their refractive statuses were measured suresight hand-hold refractomter, meanwhile handed out self-administrated questionnaire to the parents to investigated their knowledge and actions about protecting their children's visions. 【Results】 In pre-school children the rate of refractive errors was 31.1%.The mainly type of refractive errors was astigmatism.With the increase of the age,the rate of refractive errors decreased in 6 months~6 years old children.The rate of refractive errors in live scattered children was significantly higher than those in nursery and kindergarten children.The rate in local children was significantly higher than those in nonlocal children.The understand rate of knowledge about vision protecting in parents was low, and the protecting action was lack. 【Conclusion】 The rate of refractive errors is low among pre-school children in Maanshan city,health care department, education institution and parents should take more attention and strengthen cooperation to protect the children's visions.