【Objective】 To analyze the deaths and the major causes of deaths of children under 5 in Yangzhong and to explore the intervention measures. 【Methods】 Analyzed retrospectively the epidemic diseases of children under 5 in Yangzhong from 2001 to 2010, and knew their death rates, death constituents and relevant elements. 【Results】 The death rate of children under 5 was 9.18‰, infants 6.78‰, newly-born babies 4.85‰, children of 1～42.40‰. The death rate of children under 5 was 14.16‰ in 2001, and 2.04‰ in 2010, decreasing by 85.6%.Premature delivery, low birth weight, accidents, congenital abnormality, neonatal asphyxia, pneumonia etc, were the main causes of deaths of children under 5. 【Conclusions】 The key to decreasing the death rate of children under 5 is to attach great importance to premarital medical examination, to promote perinatal health care, to advocate women and children healthcare knowledge, to prevent birth defects and to minimize newborn deaths.