Abstract: 【Objective】 To research the distribution features and related influencing factors of 12 months old children's temperament types in Kunshan region, provide evidence for early behavior intervention. 【Method】 Investigated 738 children aged 12 months by the Chinese Toddler Temperament Scale(CTTS) from routine health examination in Maternal and Child Health Bureau of Kunshan, and self-made questionnaire for the related factors of temperament was applied to survey the related factors. 【Results】 The constituent ratio of children's temperament types were Easy(5.69%), Intermediate-low(56.10%), Slow-to-warm-up(1.90%), intermediate-difficult(31.44%), difficult(4.88%). There was not significant difference in sex of temperament types. There was significant difference in activity level of temperament dimensions between boys and girls. There was significant difference in activity level, rhythmicity, taxis, adaptability, emotion essence, persistence, attention span and response threshold of temperament dimensions between the study and national norm. Mother's bearing age, education level, the time of watching TV during pregnancy, guardian, guardian's attitude, education level and character etc. factors influence children's temperament dimensions. The higher proportion of Easy were guardian with high degree, family with relative low month-earning. The higher proportion of Intermediate-low were father with high degree, without smoke or alcohol addiction and guardian with strictly attitude. The higher proportion of intermediate-difficult were low mother's bearing age, higher gestational age, cadres mother and artificial feeding. The higher proportion of difficult were higher mother's bearing age, mother often fear, low sleep and complications during pregnancy. The higher proportion of Slow-to-warm-up was father with smoke and alcohol addiction. 【Conclusions】 Most children in Kunshan temperament types are Easy and Intermediate-low. There is difference in active level between boys and girls. There is significant difference in part of temperament dimensions between study and national norm. Many synthetically factors affect the temperament of Kunshan children.

Key words: temperament types, temperament dimensions, chlidren, influencing factors

摘要： 【目的】 了解昆山地区12月龄幼儿气质类型分布特征和影响因素,为早期行为干预提供依据。 【方法】 采用1～3岁幼儿气质问卷(CTTS)对738名在昆山市妇幼保健所门诊常规体检的12月龄幼儿进行气质测评,并用自行设计编制调查表对气质相关因素进行调查。 【结果】 幼儿气质类型构成比以中间偏易养型(56.10%)和中间偏难养型(31.44%)为主,各气质类型在性别上差异无统计学意义;男、女幼儿间活动水平差异有高度统计学意义(P<0.01);活动水平、节律性、趋避性、适应性、情绪本质、持久性、注意分散以及反应阈等气质维度,与全国常模相比差异有高度统计学意义(P<0.01);母亲生育年龄、母亲学历、母亲孕期看电视时间、看护人、看护人态度、看护人文化程度以及看护人性格等多种因素对幼儿气质维度有影响。看护人文化程度高、家庭月收入相对低家庭易养型幼儿比例高;父亲文化程度高、父亲不嗜好烟酒以及看护人态度严家庭中间偏易养型幼儿比例高;母亲生育年龄小、胎龄大、人工喂养以及母亲为干部家庭幼儿中间偏难养型比例高;母亲生育年龄大、孕期容易恐惧、母孕期每天睡眠时间偏少以及有孕期合并症记录家庭幼儿难养型比例高;父亲嗜好烟酒家庭幼儿启动缓慢型比例高。 【结论】 昆山幼儿气质类型以易养型、中间偏易养型占多数,活动水平存在男女性别差异,部分气质维度与全国常模相比差异显著,多因素综合作用影响昆山幼儿气质。

关键词: 气质类型, 气质维度, 幼儿, 影响因素