Abstract: 【Objective】 To study the differences between autism spectrum disorders(ASD) and developmental language disorders(DLD) in pathogenesis related factors(risk factors and clinical manifestations). 【Methods】 This retrospective study compared risk factors and clinical manifestations of 39 toddlers(aged 2-5y) with ASD and 46 toddlers with DLD using detailed questionnaires containing 16 items, then analysed data by t test, chi-square test, rank test . 【Results】 Children with ASD had prominent impairments in socialization language, especially, in the age calling mother(or other caregivers) consciously(P<0.05). While there were no differences in other factors(including: premature birth, birthrank, birth mode, asphyxia, birth weight, birth injury, head injury, convulsion, major illnesses, caregivers,parents reproductive age, family history)(P>0.05). Children with ASD were often observed and sent to doctors because of language delay(78.28%), social problems(78.28%), behavioral problems(36.57%) . And the mean age of first diagnosis was 39 months. 【Conclusions】 Children with ASD have prominent impairments in socialization language, more sever than children with DLD. The language delay and social problems are more likely to be observed by caregivers of children with ASD. The first diagnosis of children with ASD is often delayed .

Key words: autistic spectrum disorders, developmental language disorder, risk factors, retrospective study

摘要： 【目的】 比较孤独谱系障碍(autism spectrum disorders, ASD)与发育性语言延迟(developmental language disorders, DLD)发病相关因素(风险因素和临床表现)之间的差异。 【方法】 应用自制发病相关因素调查表对46例ASD患儿和39例DLD患儿进行回顾性研究。 【结果】 ASD组与DLD组儿童,开始有意识叫妈妈(或其他带养人)的年龄差异有统计学意义(P=0.01),两组在首次诊断年龄、走路稳年龄、围生期危险因素(早产,胎次,生产方式,窒息缺氧,产重,产伤,头颅外伤,抽搐,重大疾病,带养人,父母生育年龄,家族史)方面差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。ASD以语言交流障碍为首发症状35例(78.28%),以社会交流障碍为首发症状35例(78.28%),以行为问题(兴趣狭窄和行为刻板重复)为首发症状17例(36.57%),首次诊断平均年龄为39月龄。 【结论】 ASD患儿语言发育较晚。其核心症状中语言交流障碍和社会交流障碍易被家长察觉,但患儿首次就诊年龄偏大。

关键词: 孤独症谱系障碍, 发育性语言延迟, 发病相关因素, 回顾性研究