Objective To explore the association between sleeping time and onset of menarche among Chinese girls aged 9 to 14 years,in order to provide scientific reference for further study on the influencing factors of adolescent sexual development. Methods Girls aged 9 to 14 years were selected from database of Chinese National Survey on Students Constitution and Health in 2014 with complete record of height,weight,sleeping time,age at menarche. The subjects were divided into sufficient sleep group and sleepless group. Situation of menarche was asked by female physicians. The expected answer for this question was ′Yes′ or ′No′ without a specific date. Logistic model and multilevel Logistic model were used to investigate the association between age at menarche and sleeping time. Results Totally 48 096 female students were included in this study.The average report rate of sufficient sleep for girls aged 9 to 14 years was 31.34% (15 074/48 096). The average report rate of menarche for girls aged 9 to 14 years was 50.13% (24 112/48 096). The report rate of menarche increased with age,from 0.97% (22/2 258) at the age of 9 years old to 95.87% (1 832/1 911) at the age of 14 years old in sufficient sleep group and 1.52% (52/3 423) at the age of 9 years old to 97.32% (6 720/6 905) at the age of 14 years old in sleepless group. The occurrence rate of menarche in sufficient sleep group was lower than that in the sleepless group in each age group (P<0.05). After controlling for district,height,BMI and other factors,girls aged 10 to 14 years were less likely to have the onset of menarche in sufficient sleep group compared with the sleepless group (OR=0.73,95% CI:0.69-0.77). Multilevel Logistic model indicated that after controlling for other factors,the longer the sleep duration was,the later of the menarche onset would be(OR=0.90,95%CI:0.87-0.92). Besides,the relationship between sleep duration and menarche onset did not have group cohesion at the province level(ICC <0.01),while the group cohesion at the age level was significantly strong(ICC=0.61). Conclusions The sleep duration of adolescents is closely related to the age at menarche and could have influence on the onset of menarche,which may be a key factor of the puberty development and sexual maturation. Effective measures should be taken to ensure the normal sleep duration of children and adolescents,so as to ensure their healthy growth