Objective To analyze the clinical features of children with congenital ventricular septal defect in different area for providing a reference to make a medical insurance policy and clinical treatment strategies. Method A cluster sample of 892 children in Hunan province with ventricular septal defect diagnosed from January 1,2009 to December 31,2012 in Xiangya Hospital were collected and analyzed by descriptive research method. Results Of the 892 cases,495 cases were boys,while 397 cases were girls; 466 cases' diagnostic age were above 3 years old,while 426 cases were 3 years old or less,the range was 0 to 14 years old; 145 cases were came from urban,while rural children were 747 cases;232 cases were diagnosed before the implementation of serious illness medical insurance,while 660 cases were diagnosed after that;416 cases were ventricular septal defect without any complications,337 cases with one complications,and 139 cases with two or above two complications;119 cases with postoperative complications,while 773 cases without complications; 888 cases were cured,while 4 cases were dead.There was no statistical significance in gender,age,and postoperative complications (χ²=0.686,0.002,1.544,all P>0.05); And urban children condition was relatively complex (χ²=9.719,P=0.010)and the cure rate was lower than rural children (χ²=6.312,P=0.012);Rural children had increased quantity significantly after the implementation of serious illness insurance (χ²=12.788,P<0.001) and there was a significantly difference between urban and rural children with congenital ventricular septal defect (χ²=10.874,P=0.012). Conclusion Rural areas children with congenital ventricular septal defect get more benefits from the serious health policy and the number of clinical increased year by year,but due to the complex of condition of urban children,they have a lower cure rate.