Abstract: Objective To study the infection and prevalence of tuberculosis (TB) among the newly enrolled students of primary school of Xi 'an,and get a scientific basis for further prevention and control of TB in children and schools. Method Seven primary schools were selected from city and township,respectively.A total of 2 982 newly enrolled students were screened by PPD and chest X-ray. Results New TB infection rate was 2.1% (64/2 982) in the newly students;There was no significant statistical difference in infection rate of different gender (χ²=3.848,P>0.05);And there were significant difference in different district (χ²=8.896,P<0.05).Further chest X-ray were proceed in the PPD positive students,2 patients with tuberculosis were detected,and the prevalence of TB were 67/10⁵. Conclusion TB infection rate of rural students is higher than urban ones.Great importance to the tuberculosis (TB) screening for school students should be attached to prevent and control the TB in children

Key words: tuberculosis, PPD test, primary school students

摘要： 目的 了解西安市小学入学新生结核感染及患病情况,为儿童及学校结核病防治工作提供科学依据。方法 分别选择西安市市区和乡镇共7所小学,共筛查小学入学新生2 982名,采用结核菌素(PPD)试验结合胸部X线检查方法。结果 全部新生结核感染率为2.1%(64/2 982);不同性别感染率差异无统计学意义(χ²=3.848,P>0.05)。不同地区感染率差异有统计学意义(χ²=8.896,P<0.05)。PPD试验强阳性者行胸部X线检查,共检出结核患者2例,患病率67/10⁵。结论 重视在校学生结核病筛查,是儿童结核病防治的有效措施。乡镇学生的结核感染率高于市区学生。

关键词: 肺结核, 结核菌素试验, 小学生