关键词: 有氧运动, 注意缺陷多动障碍, 执行功能, 功能磁共振

Abstract: Objective To explore the amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation(ALFF) characteristics of the improvement of executive function in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder(ADHD) by aerobic exercise,in order to provide evidence for exploring mechanism of aerobic exercise improving executive function. Methods From March 2019 to December 2020,17 children diagnosed with ADHD in Changzhou Children′s Hospital were enrolled in this study to participated in rope jumping aerobic exercise training for 8 weeks. Functional magnetic resonance imaging(fMRI) and executive function were examined before and after training. The ALFF index was used in fMRI,and the flanker task was used in executive function test. Paired t-test was used to compare ALFF and response time of executive function before and after training,and correlation analysis was conducted between ALFF value changes and the difference of response time of executive function. Results After aerobic exercise training,the brain regions which the ALFF value of ADHD children significantly increased included medial superior frontal gyrus,left superior frontal gyrus,left middle frontal gyrus,and right anterior cerebellar lobe(P<0.05). The response time of the flanker task decreased significantly after training(t=-4.75,P=0.001). The changes of ALFF values of medial superior frontal gyrus(r=-0.53,P=0.02),left superior frontal gyrus(r=-0.58, P=0.01) and left middle frontal gyrus(r=-0.51, P=0.02) before and after aerobic exercise were negatively correlated with the difference of response time of executive function. Conclusion Aerobic exercise can improve the executive function of ADHD children,and the brain mechanism is mainly related to the enhancement of spontaneous activity in the prefrontal lobe and cerebellum.

Key words: aerobic exercise, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, executive function, functional magnetic resonance imaging