目的 探讨正常婴幼儿认知发育的有关影响因素,以促进婴儿良好发育。方法 随机选择484名正常分娩和体格生长在正常范围的婴幼儿,年龄为17 d~42月10 d,其中男女比例为1∶1,采用问卷形式,调查认知发育相关因素,同时测试婴幼儿的认知发育商。结果 484名婴幼儿的认知发育商平均为101.13±5.82,男女童之间的认知发育商差异无统计学意义(t=1.211,P＞0.05)。在Kaup指数、分娩方式、母亲生育年龄、子女人数不同组内的婴幼儿的认知发育商差异均无统计学意义(P值均 ＞0.05)。父母文化程度为中小学组的婴幼儿,其认知发育商均显著低于大学文化组的婴幼儿(P值均＜0.01);在父母不同职业组中的婴幼儿,其认知发育商差异均有统计学意义(P值均＜0.01),经两两比较,专业技术人员组的婴幼儿认知发育商均显著高于办事人员组和其他服务人员组。经多元线性逐步回归分析(α=0.05)表明,影响婴幼儿认知发育的主要因素分别为父亲职业和母亲文化。 结论 在正常婴幼儿中,较高文化水平的父母所营造的家庭环境,更利于其认知发育。

Objective To exam the influencing factors of normal infant cognitive development. Methods A total of 484 infants were randomly selected,aged from 17 days to 42 months and 10 days with the girl to boy ratio of 1∶1.The infants experienced normal delivery and physical development.Cognitive tests were performed in all infants and the related factors were investigated with the self-designed questionnaire. Results In cognitive developmental quotient,there was no significant difference between girl group and boy group (t=1.211,P>0.05),and the mean±SD was 101.13±5.82.The differences of cognitive developmental quotient were not found among groups of delivery mode,maternal age at childbirth,Kaup index and number of children (P all >0.05).The scores of the infants in higher education group (mother and father) were significantly higher than those in Primary and secondary group(P all <0.01).There were significant differences among the occupation(mother and father) groups(P all <0.01).The infants in specialty technical staff group (mother and father) scored significantly higher than that in the officer group and other service group.Of the factors,stepwise multiple linear regression showed that parental education and occupation had the most important effect on children's cognitive development. Conclusion The parents with higher education level have a good family environment for the cognitive development in normal children.