关键词: 武汉市, 中小学生, 身体形态, 城乡, 差异, 变化趋势

Abstract: Objective To know about the development trend of the discrepancy in physique between rural and urban elementary and secondary school students in Wuhan over the past thirty years, in order to provide scientific basis for narrowing the gap between rural and urban areas. Methods Data of 22 430 rural and urban students in Wuhan who took part in the research on physical quality and health of national students in 1985, 1995, 2005 and 2014 were retrospectively analyzed. And these students were divided into four categories: urban male, rural male, urban female and rural female groups. Also, students aged 7~12, 13~15 and 16~18 were selected as primary school group, middle school group and high school group, respectively. The mean value and the mean difference of height, weight, and chest circumference of male and female students from urban and rural areas in these groups were calculated respectively. Results The variation tendency of rural and urban male students' physique over the past 30 years was: urban students in lead to urban advantage expandedand the to urban advantage diminished. For example, the difference on the height of boys in primary school is from 4.3 cm to 5.4 cm, and to 3.1 cm on average. The difference on the weight of boys in high school was from 1.8 kg to 7.2 kg, and to 6.2 kg on average. The variation tendency of rural and urban female students' physique over the past 30 years was urban students in lead to urban advantage expanded and the to urban and rural areas gradually got closer. For example, the difference on the height of boys in primary school was from 4.3 cm to 5.4 cm, and to 3.1 cm on average. The difference on weight of girls in primary school was from 1.9 kg to 3.7 kg to 1.2 kg on average, and the difference on chest circumference was from 0.9 cm to 3.3 cm to 0.8 cm on average. The level of physique development of rural male students had not overtaken that of urban male students, while physique development of rural female students had gradually approached that of urban female students. Conclusion Rural economic development should be prompted, and rural students' health education is suggested to be strengthened, so that a synchronized and harmonious development of rural and urban students will be facilitated.

Key words: Wuhan, elementary and secondary school students, physique, urban and rural areas, discrepancy, variation tendency