新疆6月龄~6岁儿童贫血和铁缺乏的流行病学调查

doi:10.11852/zgetbjzz2024-0537

中国儿童保健杂志 ›› 2025, Vol. 33 ›› Issue (2): 227-232.DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2024-0537

• 临床研究 • 上一篇

新疆6月龄~6岁儿童贫血和铁缺乏的流行病学调查

高越¹, 崔素莘¹, 热孜万古丽·米吉提², 刘淑萍³, 张伟淳⁴, 严晓洁⁵, 吕春燕¹, 李依⁶

1.乌鲁木齐市妇幼保健院儿童保健科,新疆乌鲁木齐 830001;
2.和田地区妇幼保健院院办;
3.博州妇幼保健计划生育服务中心儿科;
4.新疆伊犁哈萨克自治州妇幼保健院儿童保健科;
5.焉耆回族自治县妇幼保健计划生育服务中心儿童保健科;
6.新疆医科大学公共卫生学院

收稿日期:2024-05-24 修回日期:2024-08-06 发布日期:2025-02-12 出版日期:2025-02-10
作者简介:高越(1976—),女,山东人,儿科学硕士,硕士生导师,主任医师,儿科学副教授,主要研究方向为高危儿童管理、儿童早期发展。
基金资助:
中华国际医学交流基金会项目(Z-2017-27-2102)

Epidemiological survey on anemia and iron deficiency among children aged 6 months to 6 years in Xinjiang

GAO Yue¹, CUI Suxin¹, REZWANGULI·Mijiti², LIU Shuping³, ZHANG Weichun⁴, YAN Xiaojie⁵, LYU Chunyan¹, LI Yi⁶

1. Department of Child Health Care, Xinjiang Urumqi Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830001, China;
2. Hospital Office of Hotan Regional Maternal and Child Health Hospital;
3. Department of Pediatrics, Bozhou Maternal and Child Health and Family Planning Service Center;
4. Department of Child Health, Xinjiang Ili Kazakh Autonomous Prefecture Maternal and Child Health Hospital;
5. Child Health Section, Maternal and Child Health and Family Planning Service Center of Yanqi Hui Autonomous County;
6. School of Public Health, Xinjiang Medical University

Received:2024-05-24 Revised:2024-08-06 Online:2025-02-10 Published:2025-02-12

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 目的了解新疆学龄前儿童贫血、铁缺乏和缺铁性贫血的现况。方法 2023年采用多阶段分层抽样法选取新疆5个地(州、市)的 15个社区卫生服务中心(乡镇卫生院),于 2023 年 2月调查6 月龄~6岁儿童共 2 108 名,按年龄分为三组婴儿组(6~11月龄)、幼儿组(12~35月龄)和学龄前组(3~6岁)。通过问卷了解儿童及家庭基本信息,体格测量,采集末梢血检测血红蛋白和血清铁蛋白。采用χ²检验和Logistic回归模型,分析民族、区域等因素分别对贫血检出率、铁缺乏检出率和缺铁性贫血检出率的影响。结果有效调查人数 2 107 例,其中男童 1 046 例,女童 1 061 例;婴儿组、幼儿组、学龄前儿童组占比分别为 13.9%(292例)、28.5%(600例)、57.6%(1 215例)。新疆儿童Hb 为(126.7±16.7)g/L,血清 SF 平均水平为(27.5±21.7)μg/L;贫血、铁缺乏、缺铁性贫血检出率分别为11.7%、 48.2%、7.0%。Logistic回归分析显示,母亲初中及以下学历(OR=1.803),民族为维吾尔族(OR=4.090)、回族(OR=2.361)和哈萨克族(OR=3.493)是儿童贫血发生的危险因素(P<0.05),地处中部(OR=0.413)和南疆地区(OR=0.489)是儿童贫血发生的保护因素(P<0.05);常住乡村(OR=3.042)、中部地区(OR=5.225)、家庭收入＜5万(OR=1.444)、维吾尔族(OR=1.796)和哈萨克族(OR=2.524)是儿童铁缺乏的危险因素(P<0.05);母亲初中及以下学历(OR=3.371),民族为维吾尔族(OR=6.875)、回族(OR=3.757)、哈萨克族(OR=8.146)和其他民族(OR=5.366)是儿童缺铁性贫血的危险因素(P<0.05)。结论新疆地区6月龄~6岁儿童的贫血、铁缺乏和缺铁性贫血发生的高危因素和地区存在显著差异,进一步降低新疆地区儿童贫血、铁缺乏和缺铁性贫血的发生率仍是今后儿童健康管理的重点。

关键词: 新疆, 儿童, 贫血, 铁缺乏, 缺铁性贫血

Abstract: Objective To investigate the current status of anemia, iron deficiency, and iron deficiency anemia among preschool children in Xinjiang. Methods In 2023, a multi-stage stratified sampling method was used to select 15 community health service centers(township health centers) in 5 prefectures(autonomous prefectures, cities) in Xinjiang. A total of 2 108 children aged 6 months to 6 years were surveyed in February 2023 and divided into three age groups: infants(6 - 11 months old), toddlers(12 - 35 months old), and preschoolers(3 - 6 years old). Basic information on children and their families was collected through questionnaires, physical measurements were conducted, and capillary blood was collected for hemoglobin(Hb) and serum ferritin testing. The χ² test and Logistic regression models were used to analyze the impact of factors such as ethnicity and region on the detection rates of anemia, iron deficiency, and iron deficiency anemia. Results Finally, 2 107 children were included, with 1 046 boys and 1 061 girls. The proportions of infants, toddlers, and preschoolers were 13.9%(292 cases), 28.5%(600 cases), and 57.6%(1 215 cases), respectively. The mean Hb level of children in Xinjiang was(126.7±16.7)g/L, and the mean serum ferritin(SF) level was(27.5±21.7)μg/L. The detection rates of anemia, iron deficiency, and iron deficiency anemia were 11.7%, 48.2%, and 7.0%, respectively. Logistic regression analysis showed that maternal education at the junior middle school level or below(OR=1.803), and being of Uyghur(OR=4.090), Hui(OR=2.361), or Kazakh(OR=3.493) ethnicity were risk factors for anemia among children(P<0.05). Residing in central Xinjiang(OR=0.413) and southern Xinjiang(OR=0.489) were protective factors against anemia(P<0.05). Residing in rural areas(OR=3.042), being in central Xinjiang(OR=5.225), having a family income of less than 50 000 Chinese yuan(OR=1.444), and being of Uyghur(OR=1.796) or Kazakh(OR=2.524) ethnicity were risk factors for iron deficiency among children(P<0.05). Maternal education at the junior middle school level or below(OR=3.371), and being of Uyghur(OR=6.875), Hui(OR=3.757), Kazakh(OR=8.146), or other ethnicities(OR=5.366) were risk factors for iron deficiency anemia among children(P<0.05). Conclusions Significant high-risk factors and regional differences exist in the occurrence of anemia, iron deficiency, and iron deficiency anemia among children aged 6 months to 6 years in Xinjiang. Further reducing these conditions among children in Xinjiang remains a priority for future child health management.

Key words: children, anemia, iron deficiency, iron deficiency anemia

中图分类号:

R725.5

高越, 崔素莘, 热孜万古丽·米吉提, 刘淑萍, 张伟淳, 严晓洁, 吕春燕, 李依. 新疆6月龄~6岁儿童贫血和铁缺乏的流行病学调查[J]. 中国儿童保健杂志, 2025, 33(2): 227-232.

GAO Yue, CUI Suxin, REZWANGULI·Mijiti, LIU Shuping, ZHANG Weichun, YAN Xiaojie, LYU Chunyan, LI Yi. Epidemiological survey on anemia and iron deficiency among children aged 6 months to 6 years in Xinjiang[J]. Chinese Journal of Child Health Care, 2025, 33(2): 227-232.

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新疆6月龄~6岁儿童贫血和铁缺乏的流行病学调查

Epidemiological survey on anemia and iron deficiency among children aged 6 months to 6 years in Xinjiang

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