6~12岁健康儿童肾脏尺寸百分位数参考标准的初步研制

doi:10.11852/zgetbjzz2024-0741

中国儿童保健杂志 ›› 2025, Vol. 33 ›› Issue (2): 173-179.DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2024-0741

6~12岁健康儿童肾脏尺寸百分位数参考标准的初步研制

刘琴¹, 宗心南², 乔亚南³, 任红雁¹, 王明雪¹, 刘雨萌¹, 李少丽¹, 席波³, 刘军廷⁴

1.首都儿科研究所附属儿童医院超声科,北京 100020;
2.首都儿科研究所生长发育研究室;
3.山东大学公共卫生学院流行病学系;
4.首都儿科研究所儿童健康大数据研究中心

收稿日期:2024-06-25 修回日期:2024-09-05 发布日期:2025-02-12 出版日期:2025-02-10
通讯作者: 席波,E-mail:xibo2007@126.com;刘军廷,E-mail:junting_liu@163.com
作者简介:刘琴(1984—),女,副主任医师,硕士学位,主要研究方向为儿童心血管健康。
基金资助:
首都儿科研究所儿保专项(ERB-2023-05);国家自然科学基金(81673195,81722039)

Development of percentile reference values of kidney size in healthy children aged 6 - 12 years

LIU Qin¹, ZONG Xinnan², QIAO Ya′nan³, REN Hongyan¹, WANG Mingxue¹, LIU Yumeng¹, LI Shaoli¹, XI Bo³, LIU Junting⁴

1. Department of Ultrasound, Children′s Hospital of the Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing 100020, China;
2. Department of Child Growth and Development, Capital Institute of Pediatrics;
3. Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Shandong University;
4. Child Health Big Data Research Center, Capital Institute of Pediatrics

Received:2024-06-25 Revised:2024-09-05 Online:2025-02-10 Published:2025-02-12
Contact: XI Bo, E-mail: xibo2007@126.com; LIU Junting, E-mail: junting_liu@163.com

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 目的建立6~12岁健康儿童性别、年龄别肾脏尺寸百分位数参考标准,为评估儿童肾脏发育和相关疾病诊断提供参考依据。方法采用横断面调查设计,于2023年5月采用整群随机抽样的方法选取北京市通州区2所小学6~12岁健康儿童作为研究人群。使用彩色多普勒超声诊断仪测量研究对象的双侧肾脏尺寸。使用基于偏度、位置和变异的曲线平滑方法(LMS法)分别建立性别、年龄别左肾和右肾长度、宽度和厚度的百分位数生长曲线模型,获得6~12岁健康儿童肾脏尺寸百分位数参考值。结果共计纳入2 193名健康儿童,平均年龄(9.0±1.7)岁,其中男童1 166名,占比53.2%。通过LMS法建立儿童肾脏尺寸的生长曲线模型,获得6~12岁儿童肾脏尺寸的性别、年龄别百分位数参考标准值,包括左肾和右肾的长度、宽度和厚度。儿童肾脏的长度、宽度和厚度随年龄增长呈现增加趋势。儿童左肾长度和厚度高于右肾,而宽度则低于右肾。结论本研究研制出6~12岁健康儿童性别、年龄别肾脏长度、宽度和厚度的百分位数参考标准,可用于儿童肾脏发育水平的评估和相关肾脏疾病的诊断辅助。

关键词: 儿童, 肾脏大小, 超声, 参考值, 横断面研究

Abstract: Objective To establish percentile reference standards for kidney dimensions by sex and age for healthy children aged 6 to 12 years,in order to provide reference for the assessment of child kidney development and diagnosis of related diseases. Methods A cross-sectional survey design was employed, and in May 2023, a cluster random sampling method was used to select healthy children aged 6 to 12 years from two primary schools in Tongzhou District, Beijing, as the study population. Color Doppler ultrasonography was used to measure the bilateral kidney dimensions of the participants. The Lambda-Mu-Sigma(LMS) method based on skewness, location, and variation smoothing, was used to establish percentile growth curve models for kidney length, width, and thickness by sex and age for both the left and right kidneys, thereby obtaining percentile reference values for kidney dimensions in healthy children aged 6 to 12 years. Results A total of 2 193 healthy children with a mean age of (9.0±1.7) years were included, among which 1 166(53.2%) were boys. Growth curve models for kidney dimensions in children were established using the LMS method, yielding percentile reference standards for kidney dimensions by sex and age for children aged 6 to 12 years, including length, width, and thickness for both the left and right kidneys. The length, width, and thickness of children′s kidneys increased with age. The length and thickness of the left kidney were greater than those of the right kidney, while the width was smaller. Conclusions This study developed percentile reference standards for kidney length, width, and thickness by sex and age for healthy children aged 6 to 12 years, which can be used for assessing kidney development levels and as an auxiliary diagnostic tool for related kidney diseases in children.

Key words: children, kidney size, ultrasound, reference standard, cross-sectional study

中图分类号:

R179

刘琴, 宗心南, 乔亚南, 任红雁, 王明雪, 刘雨萌, 李少丽, 席波, 刘军廷. 6~12岁健康儿童肾脏尺寸百分位数参考标准的初步研制[J]. 中国儿童保健杂志, 2025, 33(2): 173-179.

LIU Qin, ZONG Xinnan, QIAO Ya′nan, REN Hongyan, WANG Mingxue, LIU Yumeng, LI Shaoli, XI Bo, LIU Junting. Development of percentile reference values of kidney size in healthy children aged 6 - 12 years[J]. Chinese Journal of Child Health Care, 2025, 33(2): 173-179.

参考文献

[1] Faubel S, Patel NU, Lockhart ME, et al. Renal relevant radiology: Use of ultrasonography in patients with AKI[J]. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol, 2014;9:382-94.
[2] Mohtasib RS, Alshamiri KM, Jobeir AA, et al. Sonographic measurements for kidney length in normal Saudi children: Correlation with other body parameters[J]. Ann Saudi Med, 2019;39:143-154.
[3] 周明, 韩鸿玲, 张卿. 正常成年人肾脏大小估算公式初探[J]. 中华健康管理学杂志,2014,8(4):264-267.
Zhou M, Han HL, Zhang Q. Individual influencing factors of the normal adult kidney size[J]. Chin J Health Manage, 2014, 8(4): 264-267.(in Chinese)
[4] Fujita N, Uemura O, Harada R, et al. Ultrasonographic reference values and a simple yet practical formula for estimating average kidney length in Japanese children[J]. Clin Exp Nephrol, 2022,26:808-818.
[5] Rongviriyapanich C, Sakunchit T, Sudla C, et al. Sonographic renal length and volume of normal Thai children versus their Chinese and Western counterparts[J]. Clin Exp Pediatr, 2020,63:491-498.
[6] Luk WH, Lo AX, Au-Yeung AW, et al. Renal length nomogram in Hong Kong Asian children: Sonographic measurement and multivariable approach[J]. J Paediatr Child Health, 2010;46:310-5.
[7] Oh MS, Hwang G, Han S, et al. Sonographic growth charts for kidney length in normal Korean children: A prospective observational study[J]. J Korean Med Sci, 2016,31:1089-1093.
[8] Obrycki Ł, Sarnecki J, Lichosik M, et al. Kidney length normative values in children aged 0-19 years - a multicenter study[J]. Pediatr Nephrol, 2022,37:1075-1085.
[9] Coombs PR, Lavender I, Leung MYZ, et al. Normal sonographic renal length measurements in an Australian pediatric population[J]. Pediatr Radiol, 2019;49:1754-1761.
[10] Han BK, Babcock DS. Sonographic measurements and appearance of normal kidneys in children[J]. Am J Roentgenol, 1985,145:611-616.
[11] Dinkel E, Ertel M, Dittrich M, et al. Kidney size in childhood. Sonographical growth charts for kidney length and volume[J]. Pediatr Radiol, 1985,15:38-43.
[12] Chen JJ, Pugach J, Patel M, et al. The renal length nomogram: Multivariable approach[J]. J Urol 2002,168:2149-2152.
[13] Cole TJ, Green PJ. Smoothing reference centile curves: The LMS method and penalized likelihood[J]. Stat Med, 1992,11:1305-19.
[14] Kuczmarski RJ, Ogden CL, Guo SS, et al. 2000 CDC growth charts for the United States: Methods and development[J]. Vital Health Stat 11, 2002(246):1-190.
[15] Zhang J, Shi C, Liang Z, et al. Burden of noncommunicable diseases among children and adolescents aged 10-24 years in China, 1990—2019: A population-based study[J]. Cell Rep Med, 2023,4(12):101331.
[16] 裴瑜馨,陈丽植,姜梦婕,等. 三种肾损伤标准对慢性肾脏病患儿合并急性肾损伤的诊断及预后分析[J]. 中华儿科杂志,2021,59(11):942-948.
Pei YX, Chen LZ, Jiang MJ, et al. Diagnostic and predictive values of three criterias of acute kidney injury inchildren with chronic kidney disease[J]. Chin J Pediatr, 2021, 59(11): 942-948.(in Chinese)
[17] Spencer J, Wang Z, Hoy W. Low birth weight and reduced renal volume in Aboriginal children[J]. Am J Kidney Dis, 2001,37:915-920.
[18] Safak AA, Simsek E, Bahcebasi T. Sonographic assessment of the normal limits and percentile curves of liver, spleen, and kidney dimensions in healthy school-aged children[J]. J Ultrasound Med, 2005,24:1359-1364.
[19] Loftus WK, Gent RJ, LeQuesne GW, et al. Renal length in Chinese children: Sonographic measurement and comparison with western data[J]. J Clin Ultrasound, 1998,26:349-352.
[20] Musa MJ, Abukonna A. Sonographic measurement of renal size in normal high altitude populations[J]. J Radia ResAppl Sci, 2017,10:178-182.
[21] Fernandes MM, Lemos CC, Lopes GS, et al. Normal renal dimensions in a specific population[J]. Int Braz J Urol, 2002,28:510-515.

6~12岁健康儿童肾脏尺寸百分位数参考标准的初步研制

Development of percentile reference values of kidney size in healthy children aged 6 - 12 years

PDF

可视化

摘要/Abstract

引用本文

使用本文

参考文献

相关文章 15

编辑推荐

Metrics

[1]	洪烨, 傅君芬. 中国儿童肥胖健康报告与防控策略[J]. 中国儿童保健杂志, 2025, 33(2): 117-126.
[2]	周誉, 王海俊. 肥胖儿童的运动干预[J]. 中国儿童保健杂志, 2025, 33(2): 127-131.
[3]	刘璐洁, 徐东, 肖延风, 尹春燕. 肥胖伴非酒精性脂肪肝儿童的血清脂质代谢特征[J]. 中国儿童保健杂志, 2025, 33(2): 136-141.
[4]	严诗钰, 刘沂, 殷丽, 张莉, 段雪霞, 梁滨, 李燕, 王海俊. 山东省两城市学龄前儿童肥胖的影响因素[J]. 中国儿童保健杂志, 2025, 33(2): 142-148.
[5]	程国栋, 朱琳, 秦煜玲. 不同减重量对肥胖儿童青少年非酒精性脂肪肝病的改善作用[J]. 中国儿童保健杂志, 2025, 33(2): 149-154.
[6]	何璐, 赵焱, 龚金鑫, 赵璐, 张小林, 毛广惠, 马周瑞, 师晓燕, 蔡世忠, 严向明. 基于体成分探索儿童体脂状况及适宜的肥胖界值点[J]. 中国儿童保健杂志, 2025, 33(2): 160-165.
[7]	杨喆, 张浩, 张海悦, 梁英, 王玥, 张薇, 张玉海, 尚磊. 基于网络分析的学龄前儿童饮食行为和喂养行为与体重的相关性研究[J]. 中国儿童保健杂志, 2025, 33(2): 166-172.
[8]	王熙扉, 薛洋, 贾飞勇, 李洪华. 儿童超重肥胖与常见神经发育障碍的相关性研究进展[J]. 中国儿童保健杂志, 2025, 33(2): 191-195.
[9]	韩蕊, 官计, 余佳鑫, 向媛, 鞠雪梅, 周洪菊, 潘星颖. 父亲因素与儿童肥胖相关性的研究进展[J]. 中国儿童保健杂志, 2025, 33(2): 196-202.
[10]	王夏燕, 凌继祖, 叶新华, 蔡甘露. 阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征对肥胖儿童智力发育水平影响的研究进展[J]. 中国儿童保健杂志, 2025, 33(2): 203-207.
[11]	赖乾坤, 王艳霞, 欧萍, 余秋娟, 李银枝, 郭敬民, 黄欣欣. 儿童及青少年躯体症状障碍诊疗进展[J]. 中国儿童保健杂志, 2025, 33(2): 208-213.
[12]	李望, 陈培友, 吴志建, 叶巍. 以家庭为基础的运动干预对学龄前儿童超重肥胖影响的Meta分析[J]. 中国儿童保健杂志, 2025, 33(2): 214-220.
[13]	陈荟宇, 梁芝栋, 马盼, 梁佳芝, 孙艳艳. 豫东农村汉族儿童青春期前骨密度现状及影响因素[J]. 中国儿童保健杂志, 2025, 33(2): 221-226.
[14]	高越, 崔素莘, 热孜万古丽·米吉提, 刘淑萍, 张伟淳, 严晓洁, 吕春燕, 李依. 新疆6月龄~6岁儿童贫血和铁缺乏的流行病学调查[J]. 中国儿童保健杂志, 2025, 33(2): 227-232.
[15]	中国妇幼健康研究会孤独症防治专委会; 湖北省特殊儿童康复协会. 孤独症谱系障碍儿童健康管理专家共识[J]. 中国儿童保健杂志, 2025, 33(1): 1-7.