目的 了解农村留守中学生心理健康状况,及留守学生与非留守学生人格特点的差异。方法 采用心理健康诊断测验(MHT)、艾森克个性调查问卷(少年版)对重庆市278名农村中学生进行调查。结果 1)在278名农村学生中,心理问题发生率为6.5%;2) 农村留守学生MHT总分、自责倾向因子分高于非留守学生(42.8±1.4,33.4±1.7,t=3.52;6.1±0.2,4.5±0.3,t=3.58,P均<0.01);3)留守组EPQ人格问卷中精神质、情绪稳定性因子分显著高于非留守组(5.64±3.21,3.29±2.68,t=4.307;15.61±4.53,8.73±4.71,t=7.355,P均<0.01),掩饰性因子分却显著低于非留守组(10.50±4.29,13.04±4.54,t=-2.828,P<0.01);4)相关分析表明留守学生MHT总分与精神质、情绪稳定性呈显著正相关,与掩饰性呈显著负相关;其中情绪稳定性与MHT各因子呈显著正相关,精神质与MHT的大多因子正相关;而内外向与MHT总分和各因子都无显著相关;5)EPQ人格各因子能解释MHT总分、学习焦虑、冲动倾向、身体症状、对人焦虑、过敏倾向因子21%~49%的变异。而情绪稳定性对心理健康水平影响最大,对MHT总分最具有预测力,单独解释量达49%。 结论 农村留守中学生存在较多心理问题,留守学生较非留守学生人格上存在更多问题,也对其心理健康起到重要作用。因此家长、代养人、学校应采取多种方式充分塑造和培养留守学生良好个性。

Objective To investigate the mental health of the guarded students and personality differences between the guarded students and the non-guarded students. Methods Stratified sampling method was used to draw 278 secondary school students in Chongqing city.They were investigated with MHT,Eysenck Personality Questionnaire (child). Results 1) Among the 278 students in rural area,the detection rate of mental disorder was 6.5%.2) The guarded students had significant higher scores than the non-guarded students over MHT and the factors of self-blame(42.8±1.4,33.4±1.7,t=3.52;6.1±0.2,4.5±0.3,t=3.58,all P<0.01).3) The guarded students scored significantly higher than the non-guarded students over the factors of EPQ related to psychoticism(P),neuroticism(N) (5.64±3.21,3.29±2.68,t=4.307;15.61±4.53,8.73±4.71,t=7.355,all P<0.01),The guarded students scored significantly lower than the non-guarded students on the factors of EPQ related to lie(L) (10.50±4.29,13.04±4.54,t=-2.828,P<0.01).4) The factors in MHT positive correlated with the factors of psychoticism and neuroticism.The factors in MHT had negative correlation with the factors of EPQ related to lie(L).5)The factors of Personality explained 21%~49% difference of the scores of MHT,study anxiety,hostility,interpersonal sensitivity,body symptom,hypersensitiveness.The neuroticism(N) best forecasted and explained the score of MHT. Conclusions Mental health problems of the guarded students in rural areas are serious.There are personality differences between the guarded students and the non-guarded students.Personality is the important factor on mental health of guarded students,and these differences call for special attention.