【目的】 了解陕西省出生缺陷的发生水平及分布特征,为今后工作的重点提供科学依据。 【方法】 对2006-2010年在陕西省25家监测医院出生的孕28周至生后7 d所有围产儿进行出生缺陷监测。 【结果】 出生缺陷平均发生率为117.8/10⁴,缺陷发生率逐年上升(χ²=16.81,P<0.01)。前五位缺陷类型依次为:总唇裂、神经管缺陷、先天性心脏病、多指(趾)、先天性脑积水。先天性心脏病的发生率逐年上升(χ²=8.58,P<0.01)。农村发生率高于城镇(χ²=70.72,P<0.01)。单发缺陷占缺陷总数的83.5%。通过超声诊断的病例占52.2%,通过临床诊断的病例占45.9%。产前诊断率为48.1%。围产儿死亡率为8.3‰,呈逐年下降趋势(χ²=6.91,P<0.01)。五年来缺陷儿死亡率高于非缺陷儿死亡率,死亡围产儿的缺陷发生率也高于非缺陷发生率。 【结论】 陕西省2006-2010年出生缺陷总发生率低于全国同期平均水平,降低缺陷发生率的工作重点仍然在农村地区,应积极开展预防神经管缺陷的工作,不断提高各监测点的产前诊断能力,从而降低本地区的缺陷发生水平。

【Objective】 To investigate the incidence and epidemiologic characteristics of birth defects in Shaanxi province,then to provide scientific evidences for the key of future work. 【Methods】 All perinatal infants aged from 28 weeks of gestation to 7 days after birth in 25 monitoring hospitals in Shaanxi province from 2006 to 2010 were monitored for birth defects.The data were entered by Excel 2003 and analyzed by SPSS 13.0 software. 【Results】 The incidence of birth defects in Shaanxi province from 2006 to 2010 was 117.8 per 10 000.There was an annual ascending tendency in incidence of birth defects(χ²=16.81,P<0.01).The first five main birth defects were total cleft lip,neural tube defects,congenital heart diseases,polydactyly,congenital hydrocephalus,respectively.The incidence of congenital heart diseases showed a year by year ascending trend(χ²=8.58,P<0.01).The incidence of birth defects in rural areas was significantly higher than that in urban area(χ²=70.72,P<0.01). Single defects took up 83.5%.There were 52.2% cases diagnosed by ultrasound and 45.9% cases diagnosed by clinical.The Prenatal diagnosis rate was 48.1%.The perinatal mortality rate was 8.3‰ and showed a year by year descending trend(χ²=6.91,P<0.01).During the five years,the mortality among defective perinatal infants was significantly higher than that among non-defective perinatal infants,and the incidence of birth defects among dead perinatal infants was also significantly higher than the incidence of other cause of death. 【Conclusions】 The incidence of birth defect in Shaanxi province from 2006 to 2010 is lower than the nationwide contemporary level.Much attention should be paid to reduce the incidence of birth defects in rural areas, carry out the preventive work of neural tube defect and improve the prenatal diagnosis ability of all monitoring hospitals.