【目的】 探讨家庭因素特别是母亲因素对母-婴依恋关系形成及其质量的影响作用。 【方法】 对160例12~18个月婴幼儿:采用“陌生情境法”进行了母-婴依恋类型的测评;采用母亲行为Q分类法调查母亲对小儿看护的敏感性;采用Olson婚姻质量问卷调查父母的婚姻质量;采用自制问卷调查小儿的其它家庭养育因素。 【结果】 160例婴幼儿中,安全型依恋(B型)占68.2%,不安全型依恋占31.8%,其中后者A型(焦虑/回避型)占7.5%,C型(焦虑/反抗型)占21.8%,D型(混乱型)占2.5%。统计学分析发现,母亲看护的敏感性以及母亲对婚姻质量的满意度、由于母亲上班其他多个带养人的介入和小儿夜间睡眠的安排对母婴依恋安全性的影响差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),而父母年龄、父母文化程度、家庭收入、母亲工作情况,与母婴依恋类型之间无统计学意义(P>0.05)。 【结论】 母亲的敏感性和父母的婚姻质量是家庭养育因素中影响母婴依恋质量的重要因素,家庭中其他多个带养人的介入对母-婴依恋关系的影响亦不容忽视。
Abstract
【Objective】 To identify patterns of mother-infant attachment in Shanghai and to explore relevant influence factors. 【Methods】 The subjects included 160 healthy infant-mother dyads. Infant-mother attachment was assessed with Ainsworth's Strange Situation Strategy; Maternal sensitivity and Parental marital quality were assessed with Maternal Behavior Q-sort Manual Version 3.1 and Olson's marital questionnaire, respectively. A self-formulated questionnaire of family environment factors was completed by the infant's mother. 【Results】 Among the 160 infants, 68.2% were rated as securely attached(B) and 31.8% as insecurely attached. Of those infants rated as insecurely attached, 7.5% were characterised as avoidant(A), 21.8% as resistant(C) and 2.5% as disorganized(D). Maternal sensitivity and marital satisfaction were significantly different between securely attached infants and insecurely attached infants. Moreover, multiple caregivers in the family and infant's sleeping with other caregivers at night were more likely to be associated with insecure infant-mother attachment. 【Conclusions】 Maternal sensitivity and marital satisfaction are the important factors that influence infant-mother attachment relationship. Meanwhile, the association of high involvement of other caregivers in the family with insecure mother-infant attachment cannot be ignored. It is necessary to pay more attention to children's early attachment development and promote further studies on the subject in China.
关键词
母-婴依恋 /
安全型依恋 /
不安全型依恋 /
家庭因素
Key words
infant-mother attachment /
securely attached /
insecurely attached /
influence factors
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参考文献
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基金
复旦大学附属儿科医院院级青年基金项目(08QN-08)
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