学龄前儿童饮食行为现状及影响因素

doi:10.11852/zgetbjzz2025-0132

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 目的分析延安市宝塔区学龄前儿童饮食行为现状及其影响因素,为后期对儿童照护人进行营养教育并采取针对性的干预措施提供理论依据。方法于2021年1月—2022年10月期间,使用便利抽样法选取延安市宝塔区1 048名3~6岁学龄前儿童及其主要照护人作为研究对象。采用《学龄前儿童饮食行为及喂养行为调查问卷》进行数据收集,了解该地区学龄前儿童一般人口学资料、儿童饮食行为现状,分析影响因素。结果共有效回收调查问卷889份,延安市宝塔区3~6岁儿童饮食行为问题检出率为62.09%,其中外因性进食(27.1%)和不良进食习惯(25.4%)最为常见;是否独生子女、是否责任喂养、逼迫喂养及饮食行为限制下喂养的儿童饮食行为问题检出率差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05)。二分类logistic回归模型分析显示:儿童年龄增长、主要照护人责任喂养(OR=0.70)及饮食行为限制(OR=0.60)是儿童发生饮食行为问题的保护因素(P＜0.05);而儿童主要照护人逼迫喂养(OR=2.17)为儿童发生饮食行为问题的危险因素(P＜0.05)。结论延安市宝塔区3~6岁儿童饮食行为问题检出率较高,高于全国平均水平,需要团结儿童照护人、学校及儿童保健医师的力量解决问题,促进儿童的健康成长。

关键词: 饮食行为, 喂养行为, 学龄前儿童

Abstract: Objective To analyze the current status and influencing factors of dietary behaviors among preschool children in Baota District, Yan′an City, in order to provide a theoretical basis for subsequent nutritional education and targeted interventions for caregivers. Methods From January 2021 to October 2022, a convenience sampling method was used to select 1 048 preschool-aged children (3 - 6 years) and their primary caregivers in Baota District.Data were collected using the Preschool Children's Dietary and Feeding Behavior Questionnaire, covering general demographic characteristics, current dietary behaviors, and related influencing factors. Results A total of 889 valid questionnaires were collected.Data analysis revealed that the detection rate of eating behavior problems among children aged 3 - 6 in Baota was 62.09%, with externally motivated eating (27.1%) and poor eating habits (25.4%) being the most common.Differences in the detection rates of eating behavior problems were observed among only children, those under responsible feeding, coercive feeding, and feeding with dietary behavior restrictions, all of which were statistically significant (all P<0.05).Binary logistic regression analysis showed that increasing age, primary caregivers' responsible feeding, and dietary behavior restriction were protective factors against eating behavior problems in children.In contrast, coercive feeding by primary caregivers was a risk factor for eating behavior problems.A total of 889 valid questionnaires were collected.The detection rate of problematic dietary behaviors among 3- to 6-year-old children in Baota District was 62.09%, with externally driven eating (27.1%) and poor eating habits (25.4%) being the most common.Significant differences were observed in the detection rates based on whether the child was an only child, whether responsible feeding was practiced, and whether coercive or restrictive feeding methods were used (P<0.05).Binary logistic regression analysis revealed that increasing child age, responsible feeding by primary caregivers (OR=0.70), and dietary restriction (OR=0.60) were protective factors against problematic dietary behaviors (P<0.05), whereas coercive feeding (OR=2.17) was a risk factor (P<0.05). Conclusions The detection rate of problematic dietary behaviors among preschool children in Baota District is significantly higher than the national average.Collaborative efforts among caregivers, schools, and pediatric healthcare professionals are needed to address these issues and promote healthy growth in children.

Key words: dietary behavior, feeding behavior, preschool children

中图分类号:

R179

路雅倩, 刘甜, 谢坤霞. 学龄前儿童饮食行为现状及影响因素[J]. 中国儿童保健杂志, 2025, 33(10): 1156-1160.

LU Yaqian, LIU Tian, XIE Kunxia. Current status and influencing factors of dietary behaviors among preschool children[J]. Chinese Journal of Child Health Care, 2025, 33(10): 1156-1160.

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