关键词: 6~36月龄婴幼儿, 神经心理发育, 发育评估, 性别

Abstract: Objective To assess neuropsychological development status and gender-based developmental differences in infants aged 6 - 36 months in Xi′an, in order to provide scientific evidence for promoting healthy child development. Methods Using the "Neuropsychological Development Scale for Children Aged 0 - 6 Years" developed by Capital Institute of Pediatrics, 13 620 infants who visited the Child Healthcare Clinic of Xi′an Medical University Second Affiliated Hospital from January 2017 to November 2023 were assessed.Assessments covered five domains: gross motor, fine motor, adaptive ability, language, and social behavior.Developmental quotients (DQ) and mental ages were statistically analyzed by age and gender groups. Results DQ scores across age groups ranged from 88.10 to 93.90, with the highest score observed in 6 -<8 month old group (93.90).The detection rate of low DQ increased from 0.2% to 8.3% with age (χ²=592.89, P<0.001).Achieved mental ages and domain-specific developmental levels were consistently below chronological ages (t=-22.55 to -113.48, P<0.001), with the mental age gap widening from 0.47 to 3.57 months.Except for the 6 -<8 month group, boys showed lower normal DQ detection rates than girls across all age groups (χ²=19.65 - 62.98, P<0.05).With few exceptions, boys demonstrated lower achieved mental ages and domain-specific developmental levels than girls (P<0.05). Conclusions Neuropsychological development levels in infants from eastern Xi′an are suboptimal, suggesting the need for improved early healthcare models.Gender- and age-specific developmental evaluations should be implemented.

Key words: infants aged 6 - 36 months, neuropsychological development, developmental assessment, gender