早产是新生儿和婴儿死亡的主要原因,与足月儿相比,早产儿出现运动异常,甚至是脑瘫的风险明显增高,严重影响其未来的生存和生活质量。脑瘫的特征是运动、肌张力和姿势异常,痉挛型脑瘫是最常见的脑瘫类型。大多数脑瘫的病因可追溯到围生期,其中早产是其重要的危险因素。虽然目前尚缺乏公认的准确预测早产儿脑瘫的评估工具,但标准化的运动评估工具,如全身运动定性评估法、Hammersmith婴儿神经检查和神经运动检查15项等仍然是脑性瘫痪早期识别和评估的重要工具,结合早期序列颅脑超声和头颅核磁影像学检测可以进一步提高脑瘫早期预测的准确性。
Abstract
Preterm birth is the leading cause of death among newborns and infants. Compared with full-term infants, preterm infants has a significantly higher risk of motor abnormalities and even cerebral palsy, which seriously affects the future survival and quality of life of preterm infants. Cerebral palsy is characterized by abnormalities in movement, muscle tone, and posture, with spastic cerebral palsy being the most common type of cerebral palsy. Most causes of cerebral palsy can be traced back to the perinatal period, with premature birth being an important risk factor for it. Although there is currently no recognized assessment tool to accurately predict cerebral palsy in preterm infants, standardized motor assessment tools, such asGeneral Movement Assessment, Hammersmith Infant Neurological Examination and neuromotor examination 15, are still important tools for early identification and assessment of cerebral palsy. The accuracy of early prediction of cerebral palsy can be further improved by the combination of early sequential cranial ultrasound and cranial magnetic imaging.
关键词
痉挛性脑瘫 /
运动评估工具 /
神经影像学 /
早期评估 /
早产儿
Key words
spastic cerebral palsy /
exercise assessment tools /
neuroimaging /
early assessment /
premature infant
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