关键词: 筷子使用, 儿童, 精细动作, 发育, 多中心研究

Abstract: Objective To observe common patterns of chopsticks using skill, and to analyze their efficiency and developmental trends with age. Methods From March 2014 to March 2017, a sample survey of 7 kindergartens in 5 urban areas in the north and west of China was carried out by photographing. The physical characteristics of the interaction between fingers and chopsticks were analyzed, children′s chopsticks using action modes were classified, and the use efficiency of different action modes were evaluated, then the developmental characteristics of children′s chopsticks using modes at different ages were compared. Results Totally 291 children participated in this study. Finally 11 action modes have been coded, which were classified into "four fingers prehension", "three fingers prehension", "palm prehension" and "other types" modes concerning Yokubo′s classification. Children hold chopsticks in the middle (63.57%), upper middle (17.18%) and lower middle (15.81%) part. Among the movement tasks, the "three fingers prehension" was most efficient. The efficiency rates of "palm prehension" [(78.7 ± 54.6) s, 77.4%] and "other types" [(62.5±42.5) s, 60.0%] modes were significantly lower than those of "four fingers prehension" [(54.6±40.3) s, 97.3%] and "three fingers prehension " [(53.8±31.1) s, 96.6%] (P<0.05). The proportion of children using the "palm prehension" movement mode decreased with age (32.6% at the age of 3 and 12.8% at the age of 5), while the use of the "three fingers prehension" movement mode increased with age (41.3% at the age of 3 and 59.6% at the age of 5). Conclusion The movement mode of chopsticks using in early childhood is still immature and diverse, and tends to developfrom low-efficiency mode to high-efficiency mode with age.

Key words: chopsticks using skill, children, fine motor, development, multicenter study