目的 分析成都市双流区学龄前儿童体质现状,了解学龄前儿童体质水平的年龄性别差异及发展特点。方法 2017年5月采用分层整群抽样方法抽取1 130名3~6岁儿童为研究对象,并依据 《国民体质测定标准手册》( 幼儿部分) 进行体质测试,实际检测儿童1 077名,采用方差分析对不同年龄组儿童的体质总分进行比较,采用成组设计t检验对不同性别儿童的体质总分进行比较,采用χ²检验对不同年龄组及不同性别的综合评级分布进行比较。结果 研究共对双流区5所公立幼儿园的1 077名 3 ～ 6 岁学龄前儿童进行体质测量,学龄前儿童体质测试总体合格率为 87.16% 。体质总分方面,男童及女童不同年龄组间的总分差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);3.5岁组、4岁组及4.5岁组的男女童体质总分存在差异,且均为女童优于男童。体质评级方面,男童及女童优秀率最高的年龄组分别为5.5岁组(7.69%)与4.5岁组(12.06%);各年龄组的女童的优秀率均高于男童,但仅有4.5岁组男女童的差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 成都市双流区 3 ～ 6 岁学龄前儿童体质水平较低;应针对不同年龄、不同性别制定个性化的干预策略,以增强学龄前儿童的体质发展水平。

Objective To understand the physical fitness level among the preschoolers in Shuangliu district,and to explore the gender difference and age difference as well as development characteristics. Methods Stratified cluster sampling was adopted to select participants,and physical fitness examinations were conducted according to national physical fitness examination standard manual. T test was performed to compare the physical fitness aggregate score between different gender groups. Variance analysis was used to compare the physical fitness aggregate score between different age groups and Chi-square test was used to analyze the distribution of overall ranking between different ages and genders. Results A total of 1 077 preschoolers aged 3~6 were included in the study. Qualification percentage of physical fitness examination in the participants was 87.16%. As concerned with aggregate score,t test showed that statistical difference was detected in physical fitness aggregate score between different ages in both gender groups .Total score of physical fitness were different in 3.5-year-old group,4-year-old group,and 4.5-year-old group between boys and girls(Girls′physical fitness aggregate scores were higher than those of boys). As concerned with integrated ranking,Chi-square test showed that statistical difference was existed in integrated ranking distribution between different ages in both gender groups; Age groups of highest excellence rates were 5.5-year-old group and 4.5-year-old group. Girls′excellence rates were higher than those of boys in all age groups while only the difference of 4.5-year-old group was statistically significant. Conclusions Physical fitness level among preschoolers in Shuangliu district is at a lower level; Intervention among preschoolers should be tailored and individualized according to corresponding age,gender and indicators in order to enhance physical fitness level among preschoolers.