Table of Content

06 October 2012, Volume 20 Issue 10

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School bullying behavior among elementary migrant school children and its relation with self-perceived school psychosocial environment

JIANG Xiao-xiao,SHI Hui-jing,LI Dan,ZHANG Bo-lin,ZHANG Yue,WANG Wen

2012, 20(10):  869-871. 

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【Objective】 To investigate the prevalence of school bullying behavior of migrant children and its relation to school's psychosocial environment. 【Method】 The past and current victimization and self-perceived school psychosocial environment were asked by questionnaires administered to 511 migrant students of 4th and 5th grade from 5 migrant elementary schools in Shanghai by random cluster sampling. 【Results】 28% of the students reported being bullied before and 5.5% of the students were being bullied in this semester.Students involved in bullying behaviors reported a higher percentage of feeling insecurity,self-perceived school violence,discrimination from teacher.Bully-victims score was highest in trouble score. 【Conclusions】 School bullying and victimization is closely related to students' self-perceived psychosocial environment.A focus on school- based intervention and surveillance on bullying behaviors is critically needed.

Study on the ability of child health services in primary health institutions

CUI Ming-ming,YIN De-lu,JIN Chun-hua,CHEN Xin-xin,WANG Li,YANG Hui-min,WU Qiu-yun,WANG Bao-zhu,HE Shou-sen,XU Zong-yu,CAO Bin,CHEN Bo-wen

2012, 20(10):  872-874. 

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【Objective】 The ability of child health services in primary health institutions in China. 【Method】 To understand the basic station of staff and facilities and equipment,the knowledge and satisfaction of staff were understood by the survey,questionnaires and observation. 【Results】 1)There were many facilities and equipment,but some of the equipment failed to meet the requirements,dilapidated,idle unused.2)Part-time staff for child in the primary health service was 48%,junior was 68%,secondary and below was 42%,88.5% of full-time child care staff was the non-prevention medicine.3)The correct rate of primary child health services staff's knowledge was 65.7%,the knowledge of urban community health services staff was higher than the township's,the difference was statistically significant (t=2.64,P=0.01).Overall satisfaction was 58.9%.They were not satisfied with the wages and work load.4)They all carried out the basic public health services,but they didn't fully meet the requirements. 【Conclusions】 The unreasonable device configuration,the lack of staff,staff lack of knowledge and skills and low satisfaction limit the development of child health services capacity,some measures should be taken to improve the capacity of primary child health service,such as increasing staffing,training and reasonable equipment purchase and so on.

Heredity and temperament:a twin study in school-age children

GUAN Hong-yan,LI Yu-ling,ZHENG Yu-na,ZHAO Man,JI Cheng-ye,DAI Yao-hua

2012, 20(10):  875-877. 

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【Objective】 To estimate the heritability of temperament in Chinese school-age twins. 【Method】 Childhood temperament was assessed in a total of 127 pairs of 8 to 12 years old twins with the Middle Childhood Temperament Questionnaire (MCTQ),and structural equation modeling was performed to evaluate the heritability of the category and nine dimensions of temperament. 【Results】 The best-fitting model indicated that 30.03% to 90.40% of the variances of the temperament were attributable to genetic factors,with the remaining variances being due to the effects of common family environmental factors,and the environmental experiences unique to each child were negligible in most temperament traits.The genetic factors (heritability) explained about 50.57% of variance in temperamental category.The heredity of the temperament dimensions in Activity,Rhythm,Withdrawn/approach,Adaptability,Intensity,Emotion,Persistence,Distractibility,and Threshold were 39.30%,46.26%,82.22%,44.31%,41.84%,90.40%,72.46% and 30.03% in the boys,and 88.39%,60.65%,82.23%,44.31%,52.05%,90.40%,72.46% and 44.99% in the girls respectively.The gender effect was found in the heredity of activity.The effects of genetic and environment on the temperament in school-age children was not influenced by the factor of age. 【Conclusions】 The temperament of school-age children is influenced by both the genetic and environmental factors.There are gender effects on the heredity of activity,with more genetic effect on girl's "Activity".

Psychomotor development at 24 months old in 325 children conceived with use of assisted reproductive technology

ZHAO Qian,PAN Qiong,ZOU Xiao-ying,ZHOU Xi-zhong,ZHANG Qing-xue,LI Hong

2012, 20(10):  878-880. 

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【Objective】 To compare the psychomotor development at 24 months old in children born after assisted conception with a control group of children conceived naturally. 【Methods】 A mached control study was performed on the psychomotor development of 24 months old in children conceived with use of assisted reproductive technology.The control group was matched according to maternal age,parity,social class and level of maternal education.The suitable mothers were invited to participate at 28 weeks of gestation and were followed up to delivery.The children of two groups were followed up to 24 months old and a formal developmental assessment was done with the CDCC Scales of Children Development. 【Result】 No statistically significant differences were found in the mental development index (MDI) and psychomotor development index (PDI) between study and control groups,as asssessed by the CDCC Scales. 【Conclusion】 The level of psychomotor development at 24 months old in children born after assisted conception was normal.So the assisted reproductive technology is safety in china.

Effects of cognitive style and emotion on children's risk taking behavior

LIU Ze-wen,HUANG Su-ying,NIU Yu-bai

2012, 20(10):  881-883. 

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【Objective】 To explore the different cognitive style and emotion on children's risk taking behavior,and then put forward effective intervention and education measure to prevent children from risk caused by accidental injury and provide basis. 【Methods】 According to the EFT screening out of 50 independent and 50 outfield dependent subjects,further analyzing the positive and negative mood induction,finally to risk-taking task,the obtained results were compared under different conditions. 【Results】 Significant difference was found in the risk-taking scores between cognitive style(t=1.994,P<0.05).Significant difference was found in the risk-taking scores between emotion(t=2.271,P<0.05). 【Conclusions】 Children's cognitive style and emotion may influence children's risk taking behavior,field independent children are more likely to participate in risky behaviors,positive emotional states are more inclined to participate in adventure.

Relationship between social support,self-acceptance and coping style in junior high school students

DU Lei

2012, 20(10):  884-886. 

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【Objective】 To explore the relationship between social support,self-acceptance and coping style,to provide the basis for coping with pressure positively. 【Method】 Social Support Rating Scale,Self-Acceptance Scale,Simplified Coping Style Questionnaire were used in 355 Dezhou junior high school students. 【Results】 1)Junior high school students' self-acceptance,social support and active coping style were significantly different in the dimension that whether they're class cadre(P₁=0.037,P₂=0.000,P₃=0.001);2)The subjective support and the use of support were significantly positive related with self-acceptance(r₁=0.314,r₂=0.279).They also had positive predict ability to it;3)The subjective support and the use of support were significantly positive related with active coping style(r₁=0.408,r₂=0.341).They also had positive predict ability to it; the objective support and the use of support were significantly negative related with negative coping style(r₁=0.114,r₂=0.122).They also had positive predict ability to it;4)the dimensions of self-acceptance were positive related with active coping style and had positive predict ability to it; the dimension self-acceptance was negative related with negative coping style and had positive predict ability to it(r=0.241). 【Conclusions】 Students should be encouraged to take more work as students' leaders to improve the level of social support and self-acceptance so that they can take positive steps when coping with pressure.

Family education and children's behavior problems relations survey

LIU Wen-wen,ZHENG Xiao-bian,LIU Qin-xue

2012, 20(10):  887-889. 

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【Objective】 To sum up the experience of family education,find out the family education the problems existed in the family education and provide the basis for family education legislation,and to study the relationship between family education and child psychology and behavior problems. 【Method】 298 students were conducted a questionnaire survey from Xiantao. 【Results】 Parent-child relationship,parental expectations and parental monitoring were significantly negatively related with children's problem behavior;parental expectations and parental monitoring were significantly positively related with parent-child relationship;Parental psychological control and parent-child relationship were significantly negatively correlated. 【Conclusions】 Family education status is closely related to the problem of child behavior.Poor parent-child relations and parents' low requires will result in children' behavior problems.Therefore,Standardization and scientize of family education should be concerned,strong institutional support for the advancement of family education should be provided.

Study on the correlation between childhood neglect and coping styles of middle school students

LIN Lin,DU Qiao-qiao,HU Nai-bao,JIA Gai-zhen,WANG Ping-yu

2012, 20(10):  890-892. 

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【Objective】 To investigate the correlation between childhood neglect and coping styles of middle school students,and provide theoretical foundation for interventions among the target population. 【Methods】 The questionnaire was used among the target population who were randomly selected by multistage sampling method,and statistical methods included statistical description and correlation analysis. 【Results】 The most common style of childhood neglect was communication neglect.Active coping style was mainly used to deal with problems;and there were significant gender differences in dimensions of reasonable explanation,seeking help,abreaction.Childhood neglect had significantly negative correlation with active coping styles,but had positive correlation with negative coping styles.Canonical correlation analysis showed that there was positive correlation between emotional neglect and avoiding coping style,also positive correlations between safety neglect and illusion coping style.The results of stepwise multiple regressions indicated that influencing factors of negative coping style include age,gender,communication neglect and emotional neglect. 【Conclusion】 Middle school students had more possibilities to select avoiding and negative coping styles when they met difficulty or pressure if they had more serious emotional neglect in their childhood.

Genetic study of one patient with autism

YANG Yao,WANG Fang,WANG Chun-zhi,HE Xi-yu

2012, 20(10):  893-895. 

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【Objective】 To analyze the genetic mechanism of the patient with autism. 【Methods】 G-banding karyotype analysis,Multiplex ligation dependent probe amplification (MLPA),single nucleotide polymorphism-based genotyping microarray (SNP array) and short tandem repeat (STR) were integrated and used to analyze the genetic verification of the patient with autism. 【Results】 A 5-year-old girl presented with autism was described.Conventional karyotyping revealed a novel translocation t(11;9)(p15;p24).The karyotype was described as 45,XX,psu dic(11;9)(p15;p24).SNP array analysis identified a 8M heterozygosis deletion from 9p24.3 to 9p24.1,5M homozygous deletion from 9p24.1 to 9p23 and 12.5M duplication from 9p23 to 9p21.2.STR analysis showed the paternal origin of the deleted region of chromosome 9. 【Conclusions】 The deletion and duplication of 9p were associated with autism and mental retardation.SNP array can improve the diagnosis of autism.

Recognition of emotional expressions in blended faces and gender discrimination by children with autism

YAN Jin,JIANG Zhi-mei,GUO Lan-min,LV Yang,SUN Qi-feng,LI Xing-zhou,WANG Li-ping

2012, 20(10):  896-899. 

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【Objective】 To test the ability of the recognition of emotional expression in blended faces and gender discrimination of eyes and mouths by children with autism. 【Methods】 Thirty-two male children with autism and thirty-two typically developing children matched on developmental age and gender were selected.They were tested with the Emotional Expressions Recognition Software System developed in this research which took recognition accuracy rate and response time in different presentation manners as analysis indexes. 【Results】 1)The accuracy rates of emotional expression were significantly lower in children with autism than in typically developing[(58.0±15.6)%vs(78.4±13.5)%,t=5.4,P=0.000],the response time was delayed[(9 948.3±3 116.2)ms vs(5 617.0±1 362.9)ms,t=4.7,P=0.000].2)The accuracy rates of gender discrimination was significantly lower in children with autism than in typically developing[eye:(76.7 ±11.5)%vs(86.6 ±10.9)%,mouth:(66.2 ±12.8)%vs(73.1 ±10.7)%],the response time was delayed[eye:(4 138.7±542.0)ms vs(2 721.9±636.6)ms,mouth:(3 807.8±710.1)ms vs(2 836.5±619.9)ms]. 【Conclusions】 Children with autism are inclined to attend to the lower face when making judgments about emotional expressions;they can use information from eyes for gender discrimination,and do not appear to be superior to typically developing children at using mouth information to process gender information.

Study on the family dynamics in children with tic disorder

JIAO Gong-kai,CHEN Yi-xin,CHEN Tu-nong,LI Sha-sha,WANG Min-jie,YU lin

2012, 20(10):  900-902. 

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【Objective】 To explore the family dynamics in children with tic disorder. 【Method】 30 children's patients with tic disorder and 30 normal controls were evaluated by general information inventory,the self-rating scale of systematic family dynamics(SSFD). 【Results】 The study group showed higher scores on family atmosphere,systematic logic in SSFD(t=3.151,P<0.01;t=2.142,P<0.05).There were no differences in the individuation and disease conception dynamic dimensions between the two groups. 【Conclusion】 The family dynamics of tic disorders include:The family atmosphere is inclined to be "hostile and sullen",and the system logic tends to be "white or black",seldom " not only… but also…".

Effect of hyperbaric oxygen on learning and memory functions in VPA autism rat model

LI Yin,YI Ming-ji,MA Yao

2012, 20(10):  903-906. 

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【Objective】 To explore the effect of hyperbaric oxygen on learning and memory functions in VPA autism rat model. 【Method】 Animal model of autism was obtained in offspring of the Wistar rats that received a single intraperitoneal injection of sodium valproate at the 12.5 day after pregnancy,the learning and memory of the autism model rats were evaluated by the Y electricity maze test before and after the hyperbaric oxygen intervention. 【Results】 The trying times of the hyperbaric oxygen group were fewer after treatment (31.54±0.88 vs 30.69±0.63,t=5.500,P=0.001) and the memory times were increased(2.85±0.69 vs 3.38±0.65,t=2.214,P=0.047);The trying times of the normobaric hyperoxia group were fewer after treatment(31.54±0.97 vs 31.15±0.99,t=2.739,P=0.018) and the memory times were increased(2.69±0.48 vs 3.00±0.58,t=2.309,P=0.040). 【Conclusion】 The VPA autism rats model is established successfully,the learning and memory abilities are improved after the hyperbaric oxygen intervention.

Effects of mothers' depression during pregnancy on early childhood temperament

LI Xian-fen,LIAO Hong,CHEN Xi,QIU Chun-xian,YE Bi-qing,WAN Guo-bin

2012, 20(10):  920-922. 

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【Objective】 To explore the effects of mothers`depression during pregnancy on early childhood temperament. 【Methods】 By using Self-Rating Depression Scale(SDS),expectant mothers at their 32~34 weeks of pregnancy were surveyed,by using Chinese Infant Temperament Scale(CITS),and a self-made questionnaire of basic condition for infants,the expectant mothers' infants at their 6 months were surveyed. 【Results】 The ratios of difficult type and slow-to-warm type of temperament were found more in the infants of depressive mothers during pregnancy,and the higher ratio of the heavier degree of depression(χ<sup>2</sup>=13.99,21.36,P＜0.01).The ratio of easy type of temperament was found more in the infants of mothers without depression during pregnancy(χ<sup>2</sup>=11.89,P＜0.01).Depressed mood in expectant mothers was also related to the scores of activity level,approach-withdrawal,adaptability,intencity of reaction,mood and attention dispersity in their infants' temperament(P＜0.01 or ＜0.05). 【Conclusion】 It seems that there are negative effects between mothers` depression during pregnancy and infant temperament type and temperament dimension.

Study on differences and influencing factors about the fine motor development between preterm and term infants

HU Xiao-qin,CHENG Qian

2012, 20(10):  923-925. 

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【Objective】 To investigate the differences and influencing factors about the fine motor development between preterm and full term infants. 【Method】 215 infants (including 97 preterm infants and 118 full term infants) were evaluated by the second edition of the Peabody Developmental Motor Scale (PDMS-2),and the fine motor quotient (FMQ) was analyzed by SPSS. 【Results】 1) The FMQ of preterm was significantly less than FMQ of term infants (t=5.142,P＜0.05);2)The standard scores of grasping were less than visual motor integration.The difference was statistically significant(d＝1.00±1.24,t＝11.881,P＜0.05);3)FMQ was influenced by gestation age(GA),birth weight(BW),feeding-skills training,height and weight. 【Conclusions】 The preterm infants were slower than the term infants on fine motor development during the infant period,and the development of grasping fall behind the visual motor integration;Also,prolonging the GA and increasing the BW by enhancing the health care during gestation,enhancing the skills of hands by feeding-skills training consciously after birth,and maintaining appropriate growth are significantly important to fine motor development.

Study on the status of sensory integration dysfunction and influencing factors in the children aged 2~6 years old

SHE Qing-xia,LI Lv,SUN Ming,FANG Rui,GUO Xin,WANG Xiao-li

2012, 20(10):  926-928. 

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【Objective】 To learn the status of the sensory integration dysfunction (SID) and its influencing factors of children from 2 to 6 years old,and to provide the evidence for early intervention. 【Methods】 The total 530 children aged 2 to 6 years old from 3 kindergartens in Shenhe district were investigated with standardization sensory integrative scale and self-designed influencing factors questionnaire,which were filled in by their parents. 【Results】 The total prevalence of SID was 40.9%.The prevalences of mild and serve SID were 28.5% and 12.4 %,respectively.The prevalences of SID between boy and girl were different,45.0% in boy and 36.4% in girl (P<0.05).No significant difference was found among prevalences of SID by age groups.With unconditioned Logistic Regression analysis,the main protecting factors of SID were good parent-child communication and later maternal childbearing age(OR was 0.21 and 0.34,P＜0.05,respectively).However,the main risk factors were high income,birth disorders and children allergic condition (OR was 1.99,1.82 and 1.84,P＜0.05,respectively).Remarkably,artificial feeding in the first six months was the high risk factor of proprioception integration dysfunction (OR=5.90,P＜0.05). 【Conclusions】 The prevalence of SID is high in children aged 2 to 6 years.Family environment,perinatal situation may influence development of sensory integration.

Research on language development of children aged 2 to 4 years old

ZHOU Zhi-yuan

2012, 20(10):  931-933. 

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【Objective】 To identify the language development of children aged 2 to 4 years old. 【Methods】 A total of 713 children aged 24~47 months living in Heze city was randomly selected.Their parents were asked to complete a detailed questionnaire about their children's language skills.The questionnaire included a total of 260 particles and phrase(18 kinds of words and 14 kinds of expressive phrases). 【Results】 1) There was a significant gender difference in grammatical development between 24 to 47 months,girls could express more kinds of particles and phrases than boys.2)Actor-action and action-object were the earliest phrases. 【Conclusions】 To master of children aged 2~4 years old with normal language development law,is helpful for professionals in language development guidance and assessment,the preschool language education and special education language rehabilitation scientific and orderly.

Basic situation analysis of 1 073 rescued children in Nanjing

SHEN Yong-yan,WU Ye-guang

2012, 20(10):  933-935. 

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【Objective】 To find out rescued children's general situation and prevalence in Nanning,in order to make more effective children's relief work. 【Method】 The data of the rescued children in Welfare Institute were collected from 2008 January to 2010 December,annual for data analysis. 【Results】 The rescued children gender ratio was equal,the difference was not statistically significant.The infants and young children were to be in the majority,2008-2010 years accounted for 41.3%,47.5%,49.5%.The neonatal age group and weight were roughly the same,school-age children group in 2009 was roughly the same with in 2009 and 2010.The difference was not statistically significant.2009 groups of infants at the age of 2008,and the 2010 year were not the same.2009 groups of infants weight with 2008 was different.In 2010 school-age children group weight were not the same with 2008,2009 year.The difference was statistically significant.The 2008-2010 annual normal children accounted for 31.3%,30.7%,24.6%.In the risk of various diseases,according to the incidence rate followed by cerebral palsy,mental retardation,congenital heart disease,hyperbilirubinemia,prematurity,limb deformity. 【Conclusions】 Each year,the rescued children's gender,age are roughly.Cerebral palsy children is the main rescued reason.Classification of timely and effective rescue method can improve the quality of life of wandering,reduce the burden on society.

Investigation of the accident condition and risk factors of children aged 0~14 years old

BAI Hong-yan

2012, 20(10):  936-938. 

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【Objective】 To investigate the accident condition and related factors of 0~14 years old children,and providing the basis of making intervening measures. 【Method】 Based on children who had visited the Second Hospital in Tongxiang for the first time in 2009-2011,4 661 cases of the 《Registration Form of Injury Surveillance in Hospital of Zhejiang》 were analyzed by cross-sectional study. 【Results】 Children took accounts of 10.07% of all,boys accounted 63.25%,which was much higher than girls;2~3 years old children had the highest rate; October had the highest rate of unintentional injuries among children;Based on the constituent ratio of children reason,the top three were fall wound or purler (54.2%),traffic injuries (13.5%),eyewinker into EENT (8.7%),the major reason which caused grievous injury was traffic injuries. 【Conclusion】 According to the accident condition,related department should explore effective intervening measures to reduce mortality rate and disability rate in children.

Study on the change in children's temperament by early cultivation of healthy personality

LI Ning-zhen,LI Hong-hui,LIU Ping,WEN Yuan

2012, 20(10):  939-942. 

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【Objective】 To explore the influence of early cultivation of healthy personality on children's temperament,and to learn about the gap in children's temperament dimension between the treatment group and control group and thus provide a scientific basis for guiding Children's early integrated development. 【Methods】 192 parent-child members with age from 0 to 3 years old from the early integrated development of Children's Health Department during 2009-2011 were selected as the treatment group for the study on the early cultivation of healthy personality.212 children from the outpatient physical examination were selected randomly as the control group.Analysis had been carried out with the testing software for children's temperament by dividing them into 1~4 months,5~11 months and 1~3 years old group according to ages. 【Results】 There was a slight difference in children's temperament type between the treatment and control group in the 1~4 months and from the 5~11 months,while there was a great difference from 1~3 years old,with the treatment group tending to be raised easily.As for the difference in the temperament dimension of different ages between the treatment and control group,there was a difference in rhythmicity,phobotaxis,adaptability and quality of mood with increase in age,while with the extension in intervening time,temperament characteristics appeared after the intervention,such as low activity level,good rhythmicity,active mood,undispersed attention,low adaptability,decreasing perseverance and high reaction threshold. 【Conclusions】 Though temperament is a relatively stable individual mental characteristic,it will be changed in some degree under the influence from the later living environment and education.There is a great significance in cultivating infants' healthy personality from learning about the variability in the development of temperament.

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder subjective quality of life in children

LV Xiu-xia,ZHANG Wan-xia,YU Zhan-tao,SUN Qiao-ling

2012, 20(10):  942-944. 

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【Objective】 To know attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) children's subjective life quality. 【Method】 Case control study on 56 cases of children with ADHD(ADHD group) and 50 normal children (control group) were compared the subjective quality of life questionnaire. 【Results】 In the ADHD group of children in family life,school life,self awareness,experience of depression,cognitive component,affective component and overall satisfaction were lower than those of the control group,and the differences were significant (P<0.05),while in the living environment,peer interaction,experiencing anxiety and physical and emotional dimensions of satisfaction with a control group of children,there were no significant differences (P<0.05). 【Conclusion】 ADHD children's subjective life quality is low,and it is recommended for children and parents to timely conduct of the relevant knowledge teaching and guidance.

Study on father involvement of pre-school children

CHEN Wei-jun,ZHAN Jian-ying

2012, 20(10):  944-946. 

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【Objective】 To investigate the involvement of fathers of school-age children,and to find the influencing factors. 【Method】 With a self-made questionnaire,1 246 normal children from 16 to 72 months were investigated.Optimal scaling regression was performed to analysis the influencing factors of the involvement of fathers in the time and manner. 【Results】 83% of fathers spent with their children every day in more than one hour,8.5% of fathers accompanied the children every day less than half an hour.After controlling for children's age and sex,the father involvement time was related to parents' education level (P<0.05).With high levels of education,fathers were more involved in playing games,storytelling,and less watching TV.Family structure,place of residence were also affect the the way of father involvement. 【Conclusion】 Most of the father participate in the upbringing of a child through the different ways.and it is affected by many factors.

Survey of sensory integrative dysfunction on school-age children of rural areas

XIE Xiao-dong,YANG Yan,LI Ai-ling,CHEN Run

2012, 20(10):  947-949. 

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【Objective】 To observe the status of sensory integration dysfunction on school-age children of rural areas in Sichuan province. 【Method】 Questionnaire survey was adopted to investigate the target population,and the findings were analyzed. 【Results】 Children's sensory integration dysfunction of Sichuan Province in rural areas was 29.5% and was lower than in most other parts of the domestic research results,and the difference was statistically significant.Boy's disorders were higher than the girls,the difference was statistically significant,the results were consistent with others regions. 【Conclusions】 With the accelerated process of urbanization in China,more and more of the left-behind children in rural areas are likely to increase the detection rate of rural children with sensory integration dysfunction.Therefore,the children in rural areas with poor economic conditions should be given more attention.

Curative effect comparison of Vitapex paste and traditional root canal filling paste in the treatment of periapical periodontitis of deciduous teeth

REN Chun-juan

2012, 20(10):  951-952. 

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【Objective】 To compare the curative effect of Vitapex paste and traditional root canal filling paste in the treatment of periapical periodontitis of deciduous teeth. 【Methods】 180 cases including 193 with periapical periodontitis of deciduous teeth were randomly divided into two groups:test group(98 teeth) and control group(95 teeth).The test group was obturated with Vitapex paste.The control group was obturated with traditional root canal filling paste.The clinical efficacy was observed after 6 months and 1 year. 【Results】 The treatment success rates of test group and control group were 94.90% and 85.26% after 6 months(χ²=5.05,P<0.05).The treatment success rates of test group and control group were 93.68% and 82.42% after 1 year(χ²=5.66,P<0.05). 【Conclusion】 Vitapex is successful and effective for periapical periodontitis of deciduous teeth.

Survey of parent's home security-related knowledge,attitude,practice in Huamu community of Shanghai

ZHANG Sheng-bing,ZHOU Wei-guo,PAN Jian-fang,HUANG Li-jun,ZHOU De-ding

2012, 20(10):  953-955. 

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【Objective】 To understand the current situation of parents' home security-related knowledge,attitude,practice (KAP) of the 1~3 years old children in Huamu community,and to provide the scientific basis for carrying out the intervention. 【Methods】 303 children aged 1~3 years old in Huamu community were selected by systematic sampling.A questionnaire was designed to collect the injury pattern of children and KAP of their parents. 【Results】 The incidence rate of children injury was 10.58%.The 2~ years old group had the highest rate among the three groups.The mainly types of injury were fall and stab wounds.The parents of children were lacking KAP of home safety. 【Conclusions】 The key target of home injury intervention is the group of 1 year old children.It should be necessary to strengthen the education and guidance to parents in the child health clinic work to reduce child home injury incidence.