Abstract: Objective To assess the physical activity (PA) levels in preschool children with Kawasaki disease (KD) during the early stages of the illness,in order to provide reference for making individualized exercise prescriptions. Methods Children hospitalized at the Children's Hospital of Capital Institute of Pediatrics between December 2023 and March 2024 were selected as the KD group. Healthy children matched by gender and age in a 1∶3 ratio served as the control group. The Preschooler Physical Activity Questionnaire (P-PAQ) was used to evaluate the PA levels of the KD group one month after the onset of the disease, focusing on their physical activity over the past week. The clinical data of KD patients were collected through the electronic medical system, including gender, age, height, weight, treatment, laboratory indicators (blood routine, C-reactive protein) and ultrasound results of coronary arteries. Results A total of 112 children were included in the study, comprising 28 KD patients and 84 healthy controls. One month after the onset of KD, the total out-of-school activity time was 99.36 (56.79, 130.18) minutes per day, the outdoor activity time was 12.86 (10.71, 14.29) minutes per day, and the moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) time was 26.25 (7.50, 53.32) minutes per day. Compared to the healthy control group, the KD group showed significantly reduced total out-of-school activity time, outdoor activity time, and MVPA time (Z=5.491, 5.072, 3.726, P<0.01). All KD patients were followed up one month after the onset of the disease, and no coronary artery complications or adverse cardiovascular events were observed. Conclusions Preschool children with KD without coronary artery complications exhibit low levels of physical activity during the early stage of the disease. Actively exploring individualized exercise prescriptions based on evidence-based medicine during the recovery phase holds significant clinical importance.

Key words: physical activity, Kawasaki disease, exercise prescription, preschool children

摘要： 目的 评估学龄前期川崎病患儿疾病早期的身体活动(PA)水平,为制定个体化运动处方提供依据。方法 以2023年12月—2024年3月在首都儿科研究所附属儿童医院住院的川崎病患儿为川崎病组,按1∶3以性别、年龄匹配的健康儿童为对照组。在川崎病患儿病程1月时采用学龄前儿童园外运动行为问卷(P-PAQ)调查患儿近1周的身体活动水平。通过电子病历系统收集川崎病患儿的临床资料,包括性别、年龄、身高、体重、治疗方案、实验室指标(血常规、C-反应蛋白)及冠状动脉超声结果。结果 本研究共纳入112名儿童,其中川崎病患儿28名、健康对照组儿童84名。川崎病患儿病程1月时园外总活动时间为99.36(56.79,130.18)min/d,户外活动时间为12.86 (10.71,14.29)min/d,中高强度活动时间为26.25(7.50, 53.32)min/d。与健康对照组相比,川崎病患儿园外总活动时间、户外活动时间、中高强度活动时间均显著减少,差异有统计学意义(Z=5.491、5.072、3.726, P＜0.01)。所有川崎病患儿追踪至病程1月随访时,无冠状动脉并发症及心血管不良事件发生。结论 学龄前川崎病不伴冠状动脉并发症患儿疾病早期身体活动处于低水平,积极探索疾病恢复期基于循证医学证据的个体化运动处方具有重要临床指导意义。

关键词: 身体活动, 川崎病, 运动处方, 学龄前儿童