【Objective】 To study the relationship between body shape and physical quality indicators of preschool children. 【Methods】 6 405 preschool children were tested on body shape including height, sit high, weight, chest circumference, skinfold thickness, and physical quality indicators which include standing long jump, throw for distance, seat proneness, the time of shuttle run, walk balance beam and feet consecutive jump. Data were analyzed by canonical correlation analysis. 【Results】 First pair canonical variables was selected by canonical correlation analysis and its coefficient was 0.760. The canonical variables representing the body shape indicators were height, chest circumference, abdominal skinfold thickness and weight. Among these indicators, height played the most important role. The canonical variables representing the physical quality indicators were standing long jump, throw for distance and the time of shuttle run, standing long jump played the most important role. Height and chest circumference were positive to physical quality, while abdominal skinfold thickness and weight were negative to physical quality. 【Conclusions】 Correlationship is found between the body shape and the physical quality in preschool children. Height and standing long jump play the most important roles.