【Objective】 Through exploring the intellectual characteristics of patients with congenital hypothyroidism(CH) diagnosed by neonatal screening program and analyzing the relations between intelligence and the disease itself or therapy factors, and to provide a basis for more exactly evaluating the outcomes and exploring more perfect therapeutic schedule. 【Methods】 The subjects were the CH patients aged from 7 to 18 years old. Intelligence tests were completed in all patients using China Wechsler intelligence scale for children(C-WISC). The patients' intelligence quotients were compared with those of normal population. Statistic analyzing was conducted using the SPSS 13.0 statistic software for Windows. 【Results】 The difference between intelligence quotients(IQ) of CH patients and standard value of normal population(100±15) was not significant(P>0.05). The IQ of CH patients had significant or very significant positive correlation with T4 concentrations at the time of CH were diagnosed, the severity of thyroid gland hypoplasia, level of restoring thyroid function at the beginning of therapy(r=0.336~0.660, P=0.024~0.000) and a negative correlation with the age of initial treatment(r=0.295,P=0.049). 【Conclusions】 The intelligence distribution characteristic of CH patients is consistent with the normal population. The important factors affecting the intellectual development in CH patients were severity of CH and level of restoring thyroid function at the beginning of therapy.