【Objective】 To investigate the differences of fatty acid(FA) composition between children with high(>135) and low(<90) intelligence quotient(IQ) and the influence of dietary supply of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids(PUFAs) on children with low IQ(<90) in Yuyao. 【Methods】 In two common primary schools of Yuyao, students from Grade two to Grade five were selected to two groups(IQ >135 and IQ<90) by intelligence test(Combined Raven Test, CRT). Their blood were collected and the FA composition was analyzed by capillary gas chromatography. In the IQ<90 group, students were randomly assigned to receive either control food or food supplemented with n-3 PUFAs according to the randomized controlled trial(RCT) rules. Data of fatty acid composition were collected before and after the dietary supplementation. 【Results】 There were significant differences of the long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids(LC-PUFAs) composition in these students with high and low intelligence quotient. Among students with high IQ, arachidonic acid (AA), eicosapentaenoic acid(EPA), docosahexaenoic acid(DHA) and n-3 PUFAs levels were higher(P<0.001 or <0.05) than students with low IQ, while linoleic acid(LA) and the n-6/n-3 ratio was lower(P＜0.05 or ＜0.01) than students with low IQ. In the IQ<90 group, α-linolenic acid(ALA), EPA, DHA and n-3 PUFAs level were significantly increased(P<0.05 or <0.001) and the n-6/n-3 ratio was decreased(P<0.001) after the n-3 PUFAs supplementation. 【Conclusions】 The students with high IQ had higher AA and DHA level and lower n-6/n-3 ratio. And the supplementation of n-3 PUFAs could improve their FA level in students with IQ<90, making it close to those IQ>135. We hope more studies will concentrate on the functional outcomes after the FA improvement in those IQ<90.
Key words
long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids /
randomized controlled trial /
school children /
intelligence quotient
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