Abstract: In recent years, the rising incidence of childhood obesity has become a significant public health challenge.Maternal and child health (MCH) is the cornerstone of public health for all. Early life, as a critical period closely linked to MCH, is also a window of opportunity for child growth and development, making it crucial for life-cycle health management.Research indicates that maternal obesity status before pregnancy, during pregnancy, and postpartum significantly increases the risk of offspring obesity. However, the specific impacts of these different periods and the underlying developmental mechanisms are not yet fully understood. This paper reviews the association between maternal obesity at different physiological stages and offspring obesity. It further explores potential mechanisms, such as genetic factors and metabolic reprogramming, and summarizes relevant interventions.Emphasizing the importance of full-cycle prevention and control spanning the preconception, pregnancy, and postpartum periods, this review aims to better understand and prevent early-life obesity. This is crucial for reducing the prevalence of childhood obesity and promoting maternal and child health in China.

Key words: maternal obesity, childhood obesity, mother and child, early life

摘要： 近年来,儿童肥胖患病率持续攀升,对人群健康构成严重威胁。妇幼健康是全民健康的基石,而生命早期作为与妇幼健康紧密关联的特殊时期,亦是儿童生长发育的机遇窗口期,对全生命周期健康管理至关重要。研究表明,母亲在妊娠前、妊娠期及产后的肥胖状态会显著增加子代肥胖风险,但不同时期的作用重点及发生发展机制仍不够清晰。本文综述了母亲不同生理阶段肥胖与子代肥胖的关联,深入探讨了遗传因素、代谢重编程等潜在影响机制,并总结了相关干预措施,强调妊娠前-妊娠期-产后全周期防控的重要性,旨在从生命早期源头深入解析肥胖成因并探索防控策略,对推动我国儿童肥胖防治、促进妇幼健康具有重要意义。

关键词: 母亲肥胖, 儿童肥胖, 母婴, 生命早期