Abstract: Insufficient physical activity and sedentary behavior are significant factors contributing to childhood overweight and obesity. Exercise offers numerous benefits to obese children in terms of their physical appearance, physical fitness, and mental well-being, making it a crucial component of comprehensive interventions for obese children. The mechanisms by which exercise exerts its effects include reducing adipose tissue, regulating cytokine and hormone levels, improving insulin resistance and inflammatory states, and promoting brain development. Although the specific dose-response relationship of exercise in obese children has not been clearly established, aerobic exercise or a combination of aerobic and resistance exercise is considered a more reasonable choice, and the application of high-intensity interval training in obese children is gradually increasing. In the future, there is a need to develop optimal forms of exercise that are effective, time-efficient and safe, and to explore whether new methods suitable for obese adults can be adapted for use in children and adolescents.

Key words: obesity, exercise, intervention, children

摘要： 身体活动不足和静坐少动行为是导致儿童超重肥胖的重要因素,运动对肥胖儿童的身体形态、身体素质和心理方面均有诸多益处,是肥胖儿童综合干预中的重要组成部分。运动发挥作用的机制包括减少脂肪组织、调节细胞因子和激素水平、改善胰岛素抵抗和炎症状态、促进大脑发育等多个方面。目前尚未明确运动作用于肥胖儿童的具体量效关系,但有氧运动或有氧运动结合抗阻运动是更加合理的选择,高强度间歇训练在肥胖儿童中的应用逐渐增多。未来有必要研发兼具有效性、省时性和安全性的最佳运动形式,探索适用于肥胖成年人的新方法是否适用于儿童青少年。

关键词: 肥胖, 运动, 干预, 儿童