陕西省学龄前儿童铁缺乏及贫血的流行病学调查

doi:10.11852/zgetbjzz2024-0835

中国儿童保健杂志 ›› 2025, Vol. 33 ›› Issue (8): 913-918.DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2024-0835

陕西省学龄前儿童铁缺乏及贫血的流行病学调查

任姣姣¹, 龙磊², 余莉莉³, 郭永莉⁴, 李晓⁵, 严萍⁶, 王朝晖¹

1.西安市人民医院(西安市第四医院)儿童保健科,陕西西安 710004;
2.新城区妇幼保健院儿童保健科;
3.榆林市榆阳区妇幼保健院儿童保健科;
4.眉县妇幼保健院儿童保健科;
5.汉阴县妇幼保健院儿童保健科;
6.渭南市大荔县妇幼保健院儿童保健科

收稿日期:2024-08-05 修回日期:2025-04-30 发布日期:2025-08-04 出版日期:2025-08-10
通讯作者: 王朝晖,E-mail: 745024118@qq.com
作者简介:任姣姣(1992—),女,主治医师,硕士学位,主要研究方向为儿童心理行为及生长发育。
基金资助:
中华国际医学交流基金会项目(Z-2017-27-2102);西安市科学技术局学科能力项目(22YXYJ0005);西安市人民医院(西安市第四医院)科研孵化项目(ZD-20)

Epidemiological investigation on iron deficiency and anemia among preschool children in Shaanxi Province

REN Jiaojiao¹, LONG Lei², YU Lili³, GUO Yongli⁴, LI Xiao⁵, YAN Ping⁶, WANG Zhaohui¹

1. Department of Children's Health Care, Xi'an People's Hospital (Xi'an Fourth Hospital), Xi'an, Shaanxi 710004, China;
2. Department of Children's Health Care, Xincheng District Maternal and Child Health Hospital;
3. Department of Children's Health Care, Yuyang District Maternal and Child Health Hospital;
4. Department of Children's Health Care, Mei County Maternal and Child Health Hospital;
5. Department of Children's Health Care, Hanyin County Maternal and Child Health Hospital;
6. Department of Children's Health Care, Dali County Maternal and Child Health Hospital

Received:2024-08-05 Revised:2025-04-30 Online:2025-08-10 Published:2025-08-04
Contact: WANG Zhaohui,E-mail:745024118@qq.com

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 目的了解陕西省学龄前儿童铁缺乏(ID)、缺铁性贫血(IDA)及贫血患病率现况。方法横断面调查研究,在陕西省采用分层抽样法选取5个城市的15个街道或乡镇为调查点。于2022年6月—2023年4月调查2 160例儿童,按年龄分为婴儿组(0.5~＜1岁)、幼儿组(1~3岁)、学龄前组(3~7岁)。采用问卷收集儿童出生情况、家庭情况等基本信息,采集末梢血液检测血常规及血清铁蛋白。统计学龄前儿童ID、IDA及贫血患病率,采用χ²检验及二元logistic回归分析不同因素间ID、IDA及贫血患病率差异及影响因素。结果有效调查人数2 156人,男1 075人,女1 081人,婴儿组310人,幼儿组612人,学龄前组1 234人。陕西省学龄前儿童ID、IDA及贫血患病率分别为21.8%、3.4%、10.9%,且关中地区(26.9%、5.2%、16.6%)高于陕北(15.6%、1.2%、1.9%)及陕南(13.2%、0.4%、3.5%)地区,婴儿组(28.7%、5.5%、16.8%)高于幼儿组(22.5%、3.8%、9.8%)及学龄前组(19.7%、2.7%、10.0%),农村县(23.0%、4.1%、14.4%)高于市辖区(19.9%、2.3%、5.7%)。ID、IDA及贫血的危险因素均包括居住在关中地区(OR=3.150、17.274、8.244,P＜0.05)及母亲孕期存在贫血(OR=1.462、10.013、3.764,P＜0.05),保护因素均为按照国家规定体检(OR=0.570、0.434、0.455,P＜0.05)。结论陕西省学龄前儿童ID、IDA及贫血患病率有显著改善,但仍需重视关中、农村和婴儿等区域和重点人群的贫血防治工作。

关键词: 铁缺乏, 缺铁性贫血, 贫血, 学龄前儿童

Abstract: Objective To investigate the current prevalence rates of iron deficiency (ID), iron deficiency anemia (IDA), and anemia among preschool children in Shaanxi Province. Methods A cross-sectional survey was conducted in Shaanxi Province using stratified sampling to select 15 streets or towns from 5 cities as survey sites.From June 2022 to April 2023, 2 160 children were surveyed and grouped by age into the infants group (0.5 - <1 year), toddlers group (1 - 3 years), and preschool group (3 - 7 years).Questionnaires were used to collect basic information about the children's birth and family conditions, while peripheral blood samples were collected for routine blood tests and serum ferritin measurements.The prevalence rates of ID, IDA, and anemia were statistically analyzed using the χ² test and binary logistic regression was used to explore differences and risk factors associated with these conditions. Results A total of 2 156 valid surveys were completed, including 1 075 boys and 1 081 girls, with 310 in the infant group, 612 in the toddler group, and 1 234 in the preschool group.The prevalence rates of ID, IDA, and anemia among preschool children in Shaanxi Province were 21.8%, 3.4%, and 10.9%, respectively.Among the regions, the prevalence rates in the Guanzhong area (26.9%, 5.2%, 16.6%) were significantly higher than those in northern Shaanxi (15.6%, 1.2%, 1.9%) and southern Shaanxi (13.2%, 0.4%, 3.5%).The infant group (28.7%, 5.5%, 16.8%) had higher rates than the toddler (22.5%, 3.8%, 9.8%) and preschool groups (19.7%, 2.7%, 10.0%).Rural counties (23.0%, 4.1%, 14.4%) had higher rates than urban districts (19.9%, 2.3%, 5.7%).Risk factors for ID, IDA, and anemia included residing in the Guanzhong region (OR=3.150, 17.274, 8.244, P<0.05) and maternal anemia during pregnancy (OR=1.462, 10.013, 3.764, P<0.05).Protective factors for all three conditions included regular health checkups according to national guidelines (OR=0.570, 0.434, 0.455, P<0.05). Conclusions The prevalence rates of ID, IDA, and anemia among preschool children in Shaanxi Province,have improred significantly. However, attention should still be paid to the prevention and treatment of anemia in Guanzhong area, rural areas, and infants.

Key words: iron deficiency, iron deficiency, anemia, preschool children

中图分类号:

R179

任姣姣, 龙磊, 余莉莉, 郭永莉, 李晓, 严萍, 王朝晖. 陕西省学龄前儿童铁缺乏及贫血的流行病学调查[J]. 中国儿童保健杂志, 2025, 33(8): 913-918.

REN Jiaojiao, LONG Lei, YU Lili, GUO Yongli, LI Xiao, YAN Ping, WANG Zhaohui. Epidemiological investigation on iron deficiency and anemia among preschool children in Shaanxi Province[J]. Chinese Journal of Child Health Care, 2025, 33(8): 913-918.

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陕西省学龄前儿童铁缺乏及贫血的流行病学调查

Epidemiological investigation on iron deficiency and anemia among preschool children in Shaanxi Province

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