社会与自然环境暴露对青春期健康发展的影响与应对策略

doi:10.11852/zgetbjzz2025-1232

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 青春期是个人智力与认知能力飞速发展,以及行为与健康模式形成的关键阶段。近年来,学界共识已从视青春期为“最健康阶段”转变为认识到其是健康决定因素急剧变化的敏感时期,蕴含着巨大的“三重红利”投资潜力。在青春期健康发展领域,研究开始从生物因素拓展到社会与自然环境因素。社会环境暴露,如社会经济发展、城市化加速、数字化转型、商业因素,与自然环境暴露,如环境污染、气候变化、夜间光暴露、建成环境等已成为研究热点。这些因素多为兼具“风险”与“机遇”的双刃剑,深入探究这些暴露的影响、作用机制和干预路径,并制定有效应对策略,已成为儿少卫生领域的重要研究任务。

关键词: 青春期健康发展, 社会环境, 自然环境, 双刃剑效应, 应对策略

Abstract: Adolescence is a critical stage marked by rapid intellectual and cognitive development, as well as the formation of behavioral and health patterns.In recent years, academic consensus has shifted from viewing adolescence as the "healthiest stage" to recognizing it as a sensitive period of dramatic changes in health determinants, harboring immense investment potential for the "triple dividend".Research in adolescent health and puberty development has expanded from biological factors to social and natural environmental factors.Social environmental exposures, such as socioeconomic development, accelerated urbanization, digital transformation, and commercial factors, alongside natural environmental exposures, including environmental pollution, climate change, artificial light at night, and built environments, have emerged as novel research hotspots.However, most of those factors might have double-edged sword effect, presenting both risks and opportunities.Deepening our understanding of their impacts, underlying mechanisms, and intervention pathways, while developing effective policies or strategies, has become a critical research priority in child and adolescent health.

Key words: adolescent health and puberty development, social environment, natural environment, double-edged sword effect, strategies

中图分类号:

R179

宋逸. 社会与自然环境暴露对青春期健康发展的影响与应对策略[J]. 中国儿童保健杂志, 2025, 33(12): 1281-1286.

SONG Yi. Impact of social and natural environmental exposure on healthy development of adolescents and preventive strategies[J]. Chinese Journal of Child Health Care, 2025, 33(12): 1281-1286.

参考文献

[1] Baird S, Choonara S, Azzopardi PS, et al.A call to action:The second Lancet Commission on adolescent health and wellbeing[J].Lancet,2025,405(10493): 1945-2022.
[2] Patton GC, Sawyer SM, Santelli JS, et al.Our future: A Lancet Commission on adolescent health and wellbeing[J].Lancet,2016, 387(10036):2423-2478.
[3] Patton GC, Olsson CA, Skirbekk V, et al.Adolescence and the next generation[J].Nature,2018,554(7693):458-466.
[4] 余小鸣.青春期心理发展及健康促进对策[J].中国儿童保健杂志,2005,13(4): 333-335.
[5] Sawyer SM, Azzopardi PS, Wickremarathne D, et al.The age of adolescence[J].Lancet Child Adolesc Health,2018, 2(3):223-228.
[6] Chen TJ, Dong B, Dong Y, et al.Matching actions to needs: shifting policy responses to the changing health needs of Chinese children and adolescents[J].Lancet,2024, 403(10438):1808-1820.
[7] Bangalore Krishna K, Witchel SF.Normal puberty[J].Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am,2024,53(2):183-194.
[8] 李佳欣, 师嫡, 刘云飞,等.2013—2022年儿童青少年青春期发育研究热点及趋势分析[J].中国学校卫生杂志,2023, 44(6):900-905.
Li JZ,Shi D,Liu YF,et al.Resarch hotsports and trend analysis of puberty development among children and adolescents from 2013 to 2022[J].Chin J Sch Health,2023, 44(6):900-905.(in Chinese)
[9] Chen C, Hu Z, Liu S, Tseng H,et al.Emerging trends in regenerative medicine: A scientometric analysis in CiteSpace[J].Expert Opinion on Biological Therapy, 2012, 12(5): 593-608.
[10] 宋逸.关注青春期发育加强青少年性与生殖健康教育[J].中国妇幼卫生杂志,2023, 14(6):1-5.
[11] Leone T, Brown LJ.Timing and determinants of age at menarche in low-income and middle-income countries[J].BMJ Glob Health,2020,5(12):e003689.
[12] Dong Y, Jan C, Ma Y, et al.Economic development and the nutritional status of Chinese school-aged children and adolescents from 1995 to 2014:An analysis of five successive national surveys[J].Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol,2019,7(4):288-299.
[13] Iwase M, Taniyama Y, Koyanagi YN, et al.A century of change: Unraveling the impact of socioeconomic/historical milestones on age at menarche and other female reproductive factors in Japan[J].J Epidemiol,2024,34(8):387-392.
[14] 国家统计局.常住人口城镇化率如何测算[EB/OL].(2025-02-28)[2025-10-29].https://www.stats.gov.cn/zs/tjws/tjzb/202301/t20230101_1903783.html
[15] Lee KK, Bing R, Kiang J, et al.Adverse health effects associated with household air pollution:A systematic review, Meta-analysis, and burden estimation study[J].Lancet Glob Health,2020, 8(11):e1427-e1434.
[16] 万宇辉,陶芳标.聚焦社会和自然环境共暴露推进儿童青少年心理行为问题风险因素研究[J].中国学校卫生杂志,2024,45(8):1065-1069.
Wan YH,Tao FB.Co-exposure to the social and natural environment promotes risk factors for psychological and behavioral problems in children and adolescents[J].Chin J Sch Health,2024,45(8):1065-1069.(in Chinese)
[17] Dang J, Liu Y, Cai S, et al.Secular trend and projection of overweight and obesity among Chinese children and adolescents aged 7-18 years from 1985 to 2019: Rural areas are becoming the focus of investment[J].Chin Med J (Engl),2025, 138(3):311-317.
[18] Ma N, Shi D, Dang JJ, et al.Secular trends and urban-rural disparities in the median age at menarche among Chinese han girls from 1985 to 2019[J].World J Pediatr,2023,19(12):1162-1168.
[19] Chen L, Xing Y, Zhang Y, et al.Long-term variations of urban-rural disparities in infectious disease burden of over 8.44 million children, adolescents, and youth in China from 2013 to 2021: An observational study[J].PLoS Med,2024, 21(4):e1004374.
[20] 方勇, 季为民, 沈杰, 等.中国未成年人互联网运用报告(2024)[M].北京:社会科学文献出版社,2024.
Fang Y,Ji WM,Shen J,et al,Annual report on the internet use of Chinese minors(2024)[M].Beijing:Social Sciences Academic Press(China),2024.(in Chinese)
[21] Magis-Weinberg L, Ballonoff Suleiman A, Dahl RE.Context, development, and digital media: Implications for very young adolescents in LMICs[J].Front Psychol,2021, 12:632713.
[22] 顾红磊,余伟明,成宇芳.同一性混乱和青少年自伤的循环作用关系:疏离感的纵向中介效应[J].心理学报,2025,57(2):247-259.
[23] Wu X, Wang L, Xue P, et al.Association of screen exposure/sedentary behavior and precocious puberty/early puberty[J].Front Pediatr,2024,12:1447372.
[24] Ghebreyesus TA.Achieving health for all requires action on the economic and commercial determinants of health[J].Lancet,2023,401(10383):1137-1139.
[25] Wood B, Baker P, Scrinis G, et al.Maximising the wealth of few at the expense of the health of many:A public health analysis of market power and corporate wealth and income distribution in the global soft drink market[J].Global Health,2021,17(1):138.
[26] Shi D, Ma N, Liu YF, et al.Association between BMI and age at menarche or spermarche among both sexes: Findings from six successive national surveys in China[J].J Glob Health,2024,14:04099.
[27] Dong Y, Gao D, Li Y, et al.Effect of childhood phthalates exposure on the risk of overweight and obesity: A nested case-control study in China[J].Environ Int,2022, 158:106886.
[28] Yoon LS, Binder AM, Pereira A, et al.Variability in urinary phthalates, phenols, and parabens across childhood and relation to adolescent breast composition in Chilean girls[J].Environ Int,2022,170:107586.
[29] Freire C, Castiello F, Babarro I,et al.Association of prenatal exposure to phthalates and synthetic phenols with pubertal development in three European cohorts[J].Int J Hyg Environ Health,2024, 261:114418.
[30] Rivera-Núñez Z, Kinkade CW, Zhang Y, et al.Phenols, parabens, phthalates and puberty: A systematic review of synthetic chemicals commonly found in personal care products and girls' pubertal development[J].Curr Environ Health Rep, 2022,9(4):517-534.
[31] Hood RB, Hart JE, Laden F, et al.Exposure to particulate matter air pollution and age of menarche in a nationwide cohort of U.S.girls[J].Environ Health Perspect, 2023,131(10):107003.
[32] Zhou X, Zhang X, Bai G, et al.Long-term exposure to fine particulate matter (PM2.5) components and precocious puberty among school-aged children: Cross-sectional study[J].JMIR Public Health Surveill,2025,11:e62861.
[33] Gold CL, Kitrinos CE, Sievert LL, et al.Mean age at menarche and climate variables on a global scale[J].Am J Hum Biol,2023,35(12):e23961.
[34] Sanders D, Frago E, Kehoe R, et al.A Meta-analysis of biological impacts of artificial light at night[J].Nat Ecol Evol,2021,5(1): 74-81.
[35] Shi D, Dang J, Chen H, et al.Assessment of indoor light-at-night exposure in children and adolescents during schooldays and weekends[J].Environ Pollut,2024, 360: 124689.
[36] Stefanopoulou M, Ruhé N, Portengen L, et al.Associations of light exposure patterns with sleep among Dutch children: The ABCD cohort study[J].J Sleep Res, 2024, 33(6): e14184.
[37] Zhou Y, Ding WQ, Li Y, et al.Brighter bedroom light at night predicts risk for earlier pubertal onset:A two-year longitudinal study[J].J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 2025.doi: 10.1210/clinem/dgaf526.
[38] 师嫡, 党佳佳, 李熙,等.夜间人工光暴露与汉族女生月经初潮发生的关系[J].中国学校卫生杂志,2022, 43(4):590-593.
Shi D,Dang JJ,Li X,et al.Association between exposure to artificial light at-night and the occurrence of menarche in Han girls[J].Chin J Sch Health,2022,43(4):590-593.(in Chinese)
[39] Yuan C, Dong Y, Chen H, et al.Determinants of childhood obesity in China[J].Lancet Public Health,2024,9(12):e1105-e1114.
[40] Dang J, Wang Y, Ma N, et al.The impact of long-term exposure to NO₂, O₃, and their oxidative potential on adolescents' mental health, and the protective role of school-based greenness[J].Environ Int,2025,195:109212.
[41] Stathori G, Tzounakou AM, Vlahos NF, et al.Unveiling the link: Obesity, diet, hypothalamic inflammation, and central precocious puberty-recent insights and implications[J].Horm Res Paediatr,2025, 27:1-9.
[42] Bray I, Reece R, Sinnett D, et al.Exploring the role of exposure to green and blue spaces in preventing anxiety and depression among young people aged 14-24 years living in urban settings: A systematic review and conceptual framework[J].Environ Res,2022,214(Pt 4):114081.
[43] Roche IV, Ubalde-Lopez M, Daher C, et al.The health-related and learning performance effects of air pollution and other urban-related environmental factors on school-age children and adolescents-a scoping review of systematic reviews[J].Curr Environ Health Rep,2024,11(2):300-316.
[44] Luo D, Yan X, Xu R, et al.Chinese trends in adolescent marriage and fertility between 1990 and 2015: A systematic synthesis of national and subnational population data[J].Lancet Glob Health,2020,8(7):e954-e964.
[45] Luo D, Yan X, Huang T, et al.Changing patterns of education, marriage and fertility in Chinese adolescents: A systematic synthesis of national and subnational population data from 1990 to 2020[J].Lancet Regional Health-Western Pacific,2025,63:101706.
[46] 胡佩瑾,宋逸.推动儿童青少年心理健康从“疾病发现”向“健康促进”转变[J].中国卫生,2025, 7:90-91.