儿童家庭玩具配置评估的项目反应理论模型

doi:10.11852/zgetbjzz2025-0183

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 目的应用项目反应理论构建儿童家庭玩具配置评估工具,为指导家庭科学配置儿童运动玩具提供量化依据。方法采用横断面便利抽样,选取2023年1—10月在南京市妇幼保健院儿童保健科健康体检的18~42月龄的婴幼儿及其家长为研究对象。选择儿童运动发育家庭环境支持量表中的玩具维度条目(包括粗大运动和精细运动玩具),通过R软件进行项目反应理论建模,计算个人能力值和拟合优度、条目难度、干预获益度以及信效度分析。结果样本共包括250例婴幼儿及其家长。摩肯量表分析筛选出23个条目用于构建Rasch模型,所得模型具有良好的拟合优度(M₂统计量＝377.917,df＝252,P＞0.05)、信度(潜在类别信度系数＝0.898)和效度(r＝0.60,P＜0.01)。其中22个条目有显著干预获益度(P＜0.05)。人项图显示条目难度与个体能力适配度良好,呈现正态分布。结论家庭玩具配置量表与Rasch模型拟合良好,能有效预测儿童运动相关的家庭玩具支持情况。人项图决策工具有利于指导家长制定与其能力更加匹配的个性化家庭干预方案。

关键词: 项目反应理论, 运动发育, 玩具, 家庭环境, 儿童

Abstract: Objective To apply item response theory (IRT) to develop a tool for assessing home toy inventory, so as to provide a quantitative basis for guiding families in the scientific arrangement of infants′ physical activity toys. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted using a convenience sample of infants aged 18 - 42 months and their parents recruited between January and October 2023 from the Department of Child Health Care of Nanjing Women and Children′s Healthcare Hospital. Items from the toy dimension (including gross and fine motor toys) of the Affordances in the Home Environment for Motor Development-Self Report (AHEMD-SR) were selected. IRT modeling was performed using R software to calculate person ability, goodness of fit, item difficulty, and intervention benefit, alongside reliability and validity analysis. Results The sample included 250 infants and their parents. Mokken scale analysis screened 23 items for Rasch model construction. The resulting model demonstrated good fit (M₂ statistic＝377.917, df＝252, P＞0.05), high reliability (latent class reliability coefficient＝0.898) and good validity (r＝0.60, P<0.01). Among these, 22 items showed significant intervention benefit (P＜0.05).The person-item map indicated good matching between item difficulty and individual ability, presenting a normal distribution. Conclusions The Home Toy Inventory Assessment, constructed based on IRT, fits well with the Rasch model and can effectively evaluate home toy support related to children′s motor development. The person-item map serves as a decision-making tool to assist parents in developing individualized home intervention plans tailored to their capability levels.

Key words: item response theory, motor development, toys, home environment, children

中图分类号:

R179

华晶, 池霞, 宋骏, 芮洪新, 周建勇, 林枫. 儿童家庭玩具配置评估的项目反应理论模型[J]. 中国儿童保健杂志, 2025, 33(12): 1303-1309.

HUA Jing, CHI Xia, SONG Jun, RUI Hongxin, ZHOU Jianyong, LIN Feng. Item response theory model for the home toy inventory assessment in infants[J]. Chinese Journal of Child Health Care, 2025, 33(12): 1303-1309.

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