目的 运用成分分析方法探讨24h活动行为对儿童青少年心肺耐力(CRF)的综合影响及成分等时替代的实际效应,为改善儿童青少年的心肺耐力提供科学依据。方法 2023年5—6月招募天津市一所初中 143名学生为研究对象。采用ActiGraph GT3X+加速度计测试受试者24h活动行为,采用第五次国民体质监测功率车二级负荷实验测试心肺耐力。使用成分分析方法分析探讨各成分与心肺耐力的关系,并以15min建立等时替代模型预测各活动行为替代后对结局变量产生的影响。结果 12~15岁儿童平均每日中高强度身体活动(MVPA)、低强度身体活动(LPA)、久坐行为(SB)和睡眠(SLP)时间分别为49.91、146.31、643.19和600.59min。儿童青少年24h活动行为时间相对分布与心肺耐力关联紧密,MVPA的时间相对比较稳定,与其他活动行为发生转换的概率最低。成分结果显示,控制年龄性别后,MVPA的时间占比与CRF呈显著正相关(β=5.28,P＜0.01),SB的时间占比与CRF呈显著负相关(β=-4.02,P＜0.01)。在15min等时替代模型中,用MVPA 替代LPA、SB和SLP,以及用SLP替代SB,CRF均显著增加;用LPA、SB和SLP替代MVPA会使CRF显著减少。剂量-效应关系发现,等时替代效应具有不对称性,伴随 MVPA 等时替代其他行为时间的增加,儿童青少年CRF水平会缓慢提升,反之则会迅速下降;MVPA 替代其他行为,平均每天替代 10min 效果最为突出。结论 减少SB的同时增加MVPA是改善儿童青少年心肺健康的最佳途径,建议学生在 10min 的课间活动内,尽量将原本的SB转化为MVPA,以更好地促进儿童青少年心肺健康发展。
Abstract
Objective To explore the comprehensive effect of 24-hour activity behavior on cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) in children and adolescents and the practical effect of component isochronous substitution by component analysis, in order to provide scientific evidence for improving CRF in children and adolescents. Methods From May to June 2023, a total of 143 students from a junior high school in Tianjin were recruited in this study. ActiGraph GT3X+ accelerometer was used to assess participants' 24-hour activity behavior, and the fifth National Physical Fitness Monitoring Power Test Level 2 load experiment was conducted to test CRF. Compositional analysis was employed to analyze the relationships between different components and CRF, and a 15-minute isochronous substitution model was established to predict the impact of substituting various activity behaviors on outcome variables. Results For children aged 12 - 15, the average daily durations of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA), light physical activity (LPA), sedentary behavior (SB), and sleep (SLP) were 49.91, 146.31, 643.19, and 600.59 minutes, respectively. The relative distribution of 24-hour activity behaviors in children and adolescents was closely associated with CRF, with MVPA showing relatively stable durations and the lowest probability of transitioning to other activity behaviors. Component results indicated that after controlling for age and gender, the proportion of time spent on MVPA (β=5.28, P<0.01) was positively correlated with CRF, while the proportion of time spent on SB (β=-4.02, P<0.01) was negatively correlated with CRF. In the 15-minute isochronous substitution model, replacing LPA, SB, and SLP with MVPA, as well as replacing SB with SLP, resulted in significant increases in CRF. Conversely, substituting MVPA with LPA, SB, and SLP led to a significant decrease in CRF. The dose-response relationship revealed an asymmetrical effect of isochronous substitution. With an increase in MVPA replacing other behaviors, the CRF levels in children and adolescents would gradually improve, while the opposite situation would lead to a rapid decline. Among the substitutions, MVPA replacing other behaviors for an average of 10 minutes per day yielded the most prominent effect. Conclusions Reducing SB while increasing MVPA is the best way to improve CRF in children and adolescents. It is recommended that students try to replace their original SB with MVPA as much as possible within the 10min recess to better promote CRF in children and adolescents.
关键词
24h活动行为 /
成分分析 /
等时替代 /
心肺耐力
Key words
24h activity behavior /
compositional analysis /
isochronous substitution /
cardiorespiratory fitness
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基金
国家社科基金教育科学规划课题(BLA220234);天津市社会科学规划青年项目(TJTY16-002Q);天津市教委科研计划项目(2020ZD07)
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