目的 分析新疆生产建设兵团(简称“兵团”)2014—2019年7岁以下户籍儿童保健和健康情况,为今后兵团儿童健康管理提供理论依据。 方法 对2014—2019年全国妇幼卫生年报管理系统中7岁以下儿童保健和健康情况进行统计学描述和推断。 结果 2014—2019年间兵团户籍活产共81 838人,男女比例为1.08∶1,7岁、5岁、3岁以下儿童数分别为704 480、517 053、311 964人。5岁以下儿童、婴儿、新生儿死亡率指标均呈逐年下降趋势(χ²=27.47、13.32、11.74,P<0.001),6个月内婴儿母乳喂养率和纯母乳喂养率(χ²=13.57、442.29)、7岁以下儿童保健服务情况中的新生儿访视比例、7岁以下儿童健康管理比例、3岁以下儿童系统管理比例均呈逐年上升趋势(χ²=415.88、2 481.97、3 393.64,P<0.001),5岁以下儿童营养评价中的低体重、生长迟缓、超重肥胖的检出率均呈逐年下降趋势(χ²=22.68、24.55、132.82、29.66,P<0.001),而经血红蛋白检测的贫血患病率呈上升趋势,中重度贫血患病率呈下降趋势(χ²=94.93、66.13,P＜0.001)。 结论 兵团的儿童保健服务情况逐步完善,儿童健康的总体状况逐步提升,但需注意儿童中存在的贫血问题。应制定适合当地个性化的儿童保健卫生政策以进一步提高儿童健康水平。

Objective To analyze the health services and health status of household register children under 7 years old in Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps from 2014 to 2019, in order to provide theoretical basis for formulating child care management measures. Method Data on Annual Report on Maternal and Child Health in Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps from 2014 to 2019 were retrieved to make statistical descriptions and deduces. Results A total of 81 838 live births were registered in the Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps from 2014 to 2019, and the male-female ratio was 1.08 to 1.The number of children under the age of 7, 5 and 3 years was 704 480, 517 053 and 311 964, respectively.The mortality of children under 5 years old, infants and neonates showed a downward trend year by year(χ²=27.47, 13.32, 11.74, P＜0.01). The breastfeeding rate and exclusive breastfeeding rate(χ²=13.57, 442.29, P＜0.001), as well as the proportions of newborns visit, health administration of children under 7 years old, systematic administration of children under 3 years old showed an increasing trend year by year(χ²=415.88, 2 481.97, 3 393.64, P＜0.001). In terms of the nutritional evaluation, the detection rates of low body weight, growth retardation, overweight and obesity in children younger than 5 years old were decreasing year by year(χ²=22.68, 24.55, 132.82, 29.66, P＜0.001), while the anemia prevalence rate was on the rise, and that of moderate and severe anemia was on the decline (χ²=94.93, 66.13,P＜0.001). Conclusions Health care services for children in Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps have been gradually improved, and the overall health status of children has been gradually improved. However, attention still should be paid to the anemia among children. In order to further improve children's health level, it is necessary to formulate the local personalized health care policy for children.