目的 探讨结扎单侧或双侧颈总动脉两种不同缺血方式制作新生SD大鼠脑室周围白质软化模型对其脑组织病理改变及伴随眼部病变的影响。方法 随机将2日龄新生大鼠分为假手术组, 结扎单侧颈总动脉组(单侧组)、结扎双侧颈总动脉组(双侧组), 两种组缺血后均予8%O₂+92%N₂缺氧1 h处理。动态观察各组大鼠的眼部情况及脑组织病理改变。结果 1)眼部病变:术后1 d, 双侧组出现眼球肿胀;术后11 d及18 d双侧组可见眼裂小、眼球萎缩、单眼或双眼瞎, 裂隙灯检查发现晶状体浑浊、白内障改变;单侧组及假手术组眼部未见明显异常。2)脑组织病理变化:术后4 d双侧组及单侧组均可见神经细胞水肿、坏死, 小胶质细胞较多, 以双侧组为重, 双侧组可见皮质下及脑室周围白质区可见液化性坏死;术后11 d及18 d, 可见脑室周围白质减少, 白质局部可见软化灶, 以双侧组明显。假手术组未见异常。结论 通过结扎2日龄新生鼠双侧颈总动脉或单侧颈总动脉并缺氧1 h, 均成功制作早产鼠脑室周围白质软化模型, 结扎双侧颈总动脉组可产生眼缺血综合征临床表现。

Objective To investigate the effect of various ischemic methods on the pathological change of brain and ocular ischemic syndrome in the Sprague-Dawley (SD) neonatal rats with periventricular leukomalacia(PLV). Methods Two-old-day SD neonatal rats were randomly divided into three groups:the unilatera group, the bilateral group, the sham operation group.Unilateral group by ligation of right common carotid artery, bilateral group were treated with the bilateral common carotid artery-ligation, both of them followed by 8%O₂+92%N₂ for 1 hour.The pathological changes in the brain were examined by optical microscope, and the ocular ischemic syndrome were monitored dynamic in the three groups. Results 1)Eye lesions:on day 1 after operation, the eyes were displaying purple swelling in the bilateral group; at the 11^th and 18^th days after operation, there were various degrees of eye lesions in bilateral group, such as the palpebral fissure narrowed, atrophy of eyeball, single or both blind, lens opacity and cataracts were confirmed by slit lamp, there were no eye lesions in the unilatera group and the sham operation group.2)Pathological changes of brain:On the 4^th day after operation, neurocytes loose, edema, necrosis, microglia proliferation could be observed, and the bilateral group was more serious than the unilateral group, and even the liquefactive necrosis could be observed in the bilateral group;On the 11^th and the 18^th day after operation, the periventricular white matter reduction and the local malacia around the periventricular area were observed in the bilateral group and the unilateral group, the damage of brain in the bilateral group was serious than the unilatera group, there were no changes in the sham operation group. Conclusions This study suggests that the PVL animal model of two-day-old neonatal rat is successfully established by the ligation of unilateral common carotid artery or bilateral common carotid artery, and then exposure hypoxia for 1 hour; and also accompany with ocular ischemic syndrome by the ligation of bilateral common carotid artery in 2-day-old neonatal rat.