Abstract: Objective To access the age and gender characteristics of the development level of gross motor in 3~6 years old preschool children. Methods Test of gross motor development third edition(TGMD-3) was used to measure the development of gross motor in 119 preschool children.The differences in development level between different age gender groups were compared. Results The total score of TGMD-3 (33.24,43.11,52.09),the score of manipulative skills (14.79,19.57,24.94).locomotor skills score all increased with age (18.45,23.54,27.15),differences were significant (all P<0.01).The total score of TGMD-3 of 3~ age girls group was higher (32.29) than boys (29.5)(P<0.01),and 4~ and 5~ age boys was higher than girls (P<0.01).The manipulative skills scores of boys were higher than those of girls (P<0.05),mobility skill score of 3~ age girl group (18.60)was higher than that of boys (13.69)(P<0.01).In 4~ and 5~ age groups.The manipulative mobility skill scores were higher than those of girls (P<0.01). Conclusions Preschool children's motor development level increase with the age,the locomotor skills have good development and operation skills are poor;Boys' manipulative skill is better than girls' at the same age,boys' are better than girls' at locomotor skills (except 3~ age group).

Key words: preschool children, gross motor development, manipulative movement skill, locomotor movement skill

摘要： 目的 评价3~6岁学前儿童大肌肉动作发展水平的年龄和性别特征,为学前儿童动作教育提供理论参考依据。方法 采用大肌肉动作发展(TGMD-3)测量工具对119名学前儿童大肌肉动作发展进行测量,比较不同年龄组和性别分组大肌肉动作发展水平的差异。结果 3、4、5~6岁三组儿童,大肌肉动作发展测试总分(33.24、43.11、52.09),操作性技能得分(14.79、19.57、24.94),移动性技能得分(18.45、23.54、27.15)均随年龄增长不断提高,差异均有高度统计学意义(P＜0.01)。3岁~组大肌肉动作发展总分女童(32.29)高于男童(29.5)(P＜0.01),4岁~与5岁~组男童总分均高于女童(P＜0.01)。操作性技能得分男童均高于女童(P<0.05),移动性技能得分3岁~组女童(18.60)高于男童(13.69)(P＜0.01),4岁~与5岁~组男童均高于女童(P＜0.01)。结论 学前儿童大肌肉动作发展水平随年龄增长不断提高,其中移动性技能发展较好,操作性技能则较差;同龄组中男童操作性技能优于女童,移动性技能男童亦优于女童(除3岁~低龄组外)。

关键词: 学前儿童, 大肌肉动作发展, 移动性技能, 操作性技能