Objective To analyze the major causes of deaths and trends of mortality from injury among children aged 1~14 years old in China,and to provide scientific evidence for developing more targeted interventions. Method The data about death causes among inhabitants published in Chinese Health Statistics Yearbook from 2003 to 2012 were used to analyze. Results The total standardized injury mortality among children aged 1~14 from 2002 to 2011 in China was between 13.97/10⁵ to 23.24/10⁵ and descended year by year.Drowning and traffic accident had always been the major causes of deaths,and accounted for more than 70% of injury deaths over the years.The total standardized injury mortality of the children in rural areas was 1.7 times the urban areas children,and the rate of traffic accident was on the rise in rural areas; The total standardized injury mortality and drowning among children aged 1~4 years old were significantly higher than those among children aged 5～9 years old and 10～14 years old; Boys total standardized injury mortality was 1.8 times higher than the girls,and drowning rate was 2.0 times higher than the girls. Conclusions The injury mortality of children aged 1~14 years old in China descends year by year,drowning and traffic accident are the major causes of deaths; Traffic accident shows rise trend in rural areas;The children injury mortality is higher in rural areas than that in urban areas,and it is higher in boys than that in girls,also it is higher among children aged 1~4 years old than those among children aged 5～9 years old and 10～14 years old.