Objective To explore epidemiologic features and related factors of depression among pupils in Zhenjiang. Methods 749 urban and rural primary school students selected with stratified cluster sampling method were investigated with the self-made measurement and Depression Self-rating Scale for Children (DSRSC).Results The total detected rate of depression was 4.41%,the detected rate of boys was 2.14% and 2.27% in girls respectively.The difference of detected rates between boys and girls was not significant (P>0.05),and there was no gender difference in urban and rural area (P>0.05).Single factor analysis displayed that mother's culture,mother's occupation,child's caregiver,maltreatment and sleep quality were related to pupils depression,and multiple stepwise regression analysis found that mother's culture,child maltreatment and children sleep quality were significantly related to depression. Conclusion Pupils depression is a common kind of mood disorders,low education of mother,maltreatment and lack of sleep are risk factors of depression in pupils.