Objective To investigate the efficacy of early use of Curosurf in prevention neonatal respiratory disease syndrome of premature (NRDS). Methods Sixty-five premature infants,whose gestational age of 27~32 weeks,and birth weight of 900~1 500 g,were randomly allocated to treated group and control group.30 neonates of treated group were dripped in with Curosurf through trachea within 2 hours of life (100~200 mg/kg) and 35 of control group without.It was same integrated therapy procedure to both treated group and control group.The incident of NRDS,the rate and period of mechanical ventilation dependence,the degree of chest X-rag,the levels of blood gas analysis were compared in two groups. Results The incident of NRDS,the rate and period of mechanical ventilation dependence,the degree of chest X-rag were less in treated group than in control group.The levels of blood gas analysis were better in treated group than those in control group. Conclusion Prophylactic administration of Curosurf to the premature with high risk of NRDS can decrease the incident of NRDS,development of severe cases,shorten the disease course,reduce early and late complications.