Objective To analyse accident reasons of the occurrence and characteristics of 0 to 6 years old children in Xi`an and provide theoretical basis for the development of the children's injury prevention intervention. Method 3 098 cases of children accident harm material were anaylsed from Xi'an Five Municipal Hospitals. Results 1)0 to 6 years old children accident harm common type were sequence for fall/fall injury,trachea,traffic accidents,and burn/burning/burn,accidental poisoning,over heat in turn;2)From the age distribution could see that Xi'an children accident harm ratio increased with the increase of age;3)From the gender distribution could see that Xi'an children accident harm gender occur ratio all had significant differences in early childhood and preschool period (P<0.05);4)Different age children had different accident injury risk factors each.Wu heat syndrome restricted to infantile children,trachea were more in preschool period of children,the rest of the damage presented increasing performance with increase of age;5)From accident harm regional see that other accident happened in the countryside were higher than the city in addition to fall/fall injury outside. Conclusions Accident harm is serious threat factors of children's health life,the whole society should participate in and strengthen safety legislation,safety education and safety management,to provide corresponding technical support,prevent and reduce children's accident.