Objective To study the social anxiety situation of 3~5 grades students,deeply discuss the relationship between the social anxiety situation and influence factors,provide basic data and science basis for pupils' mental health. Methods Convenience sample method was used in 3 primary schools in Harbin,all 3~5 grades pupils and their parents(927) were sampled.Social Anxiety Scale for Children,Egna Minnenav Bardndosna Uppforstran,Core Self-Evaluations Scale and Social Support Rating Scale were used in the sampled pupils.Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Inventory and Self-Rating Anxiety Scale were used in the sampled parents. Results The incidence of 927 pupils' social anxiety was 26.3% in this investigation,the incidence of girls(13.7%) was higher than that of boys(12.6%),but there was no significant difference(χ²=0.01,P=0.922).Parental emotional warmth and understanding,social support and core self-evaluations had negative correlation with pupils' social anxiety(r=-0.068、-0.089、-0.196、-0.481),other influence factors had passive correlation with pupils' social anxiety,parental anxiety and parental preference had no significant correlations with pupils' social anxiety.Core Self-Evaluations,paternal over-protection,maternal Emotional Warmth and Understanding and paternal depression turn into the regression equation,regression coefficient were respectively -0.258,0.137,0.050 and 0.040. Conclusions Parents over-demand and over-protect their kids and lack of emotional warmth and understanding to the kids are risk factors of pupils' social anxiety occurrence.High social support and core self-evaluation help children develop their social communication skills.