Objectiv To study the temperament of cognitive development for high risk infants,and provide a reference for effective clinical early intervention.Method 204 cognitive development for high risk infants and 112 normal infants aged 0~3 years old were tested by two specific questionnaires chosen from the Carey infants' Temperament Questionnaire.Results Significant difference was found between difficult nurturing types and slow startup types.Significant difference were found in rhythm,aversion,adaptation,persistence and attention between the cognitive development for high risk infants and normal infants(P<0.05).There was no statistical difference for temperament types between different genders.Significant difference were found in activity and persistence(P<0.05). Conclusions The temperament of cognitive development for high risk infants has special character.In order to improve their development,measures should be adopted according to its qualities.